A sex difference in location-based inhibition-of-return

Brown, James M.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.029

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Furthermore, the AG is part of a largely right-lateralized, well validated ventral attention system specialized for the detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002). Notably, research suggests women are more likely to direct attention towards a novel item compared to men (Brown, 2013;Stoet, 2010). Together, our FC findings suggest that compared to men, women may engage a bottom-up emotional memory processing network when simply viewing negative stimuli, likely due to the allocation of attention to the highly salient stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation

et al. 2021

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Gender differences in emotion regulation (ER) have been postulated, yet their neural basis remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate this issue from a functional connectivity (FC) perspective. Utilizing a region of interest (ROI) analysis, we investigated whether men and women (N=48) differed in their FC pattern while viewing versus regulating negative emotion induced by highly salient pictures, and whether this pattern related to their self-reported negative affect and suppression success. Despite women reporting more negative affect, both genders had comparable suppression success. Moreover, differences emerged between men and women's FC patterns. During the regulation of negative emotion, better suppression in women was associated with stronger FC within a cingulo-opercular network, while men exhibited stronger FC within posterior regions of the ventral attentional network. We conclude that due to their propensity for higher emotional reactivity, women may employ a frontal top-down control network to downregulate negative emotion, while men may redirect attention away from the aversive stimulus by using posterior regions of the ventral attention network. The findings may have significant implications for understanding women's vulnerability for developing affective disorders and developing targeted individualized treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation

et al. 2021

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“…In the present study, we examined the sex difference in attentional capture during temporal or spatial visual search tasks ( Table 1 ). We predicted that attentional capture would be more exaggerated in women than men based on the findings that women are likely to direct attention to a new item (e.g., Stoet, 2010 ; Brown, 2013 ). Our results are consistent with our predictions, as a sex difference in attentional capture was observed during the temporal visual search task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using a precuing paradigm designed by Posner et al (1985) , Brown (2013) found similar sex differences in inhibition ability. In that study, participants were required to detect a target appearing either to the right or left of the fixation point as quickly as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Given that visuospatial information is tightly related to human behavior in selecting objects and in locomotion and spatial navigation, it is reasonable to assume that sex differences would also be found when participants selectively choose a target from nontargets in the spatial domain. Indeed, some studies ( Brown, 2013 ) have demonstrated sex differences in attentional functions involved in spatial selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Differences in Temporal but Not Spatial Attentional Capture

Inukai

Kawahara

2018

Front. Psychol.

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The accuracy of detecting or identifying a target decreases when a salient distractor is presented. This decrease is explained by the temporal or spatial diversion of attention to the distractor and thus is referred to as attentional capture. Using temporal and spatial visual search tasks, we examined whether there are sex differences in attentional capture. In Experiment 1A, a temporal visual search task measured attentional capture in the temporal domain by asking participants (97 men and 92 women) to identify a target embedded in a rapid stream of nontarget letters while ignoring a preceding peripheral distractor. In Experiment 2, a spatial visual search task measured attentional capture in the spatial domain by asking participants (146 men and 83 women) to detect a target among spatially distributed nontarget items while ignoring a distractor presented simultaneously. Our results indicate that attentional capture occurred in both tasks. In Experiment 1A, the magnitude of capture was significantly larger for women than men. In Experiment 1B, we confirmed sex differences in temporal attentional capture by recruiting a new set of participants (141 men and 85 women). In Experiment 2, the magnitude of capture was comparable between the sexes. These results suggest that women are more sensitive to bottom-up signals than men when they engage in a temporal search task and could be explained in terms of sex differences in the ability of adjusting the size of attentional window, within which attention is allocated to the most salient item.

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“…One example would be the visuo-motor phenomenon known as “inhibition of return” in which observers are relatively slow to process stimuli located at a position recently attended (Posner & Cohen, 1984 ). Although the task only requires the pressing of a button in response to a simple target, Brown ( 2013 ) showed that this particular inhibition effect is larger in women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stroop Task Sex Difference: Evolved Inhibition or Color Naming?

et al. 2022

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Previous research shows that women outperform men in the classic Stroop task, but it is not known why this difference occurs. There are currently two main hypotheses: (1) women have enhanced verbal abilities, and (2) women show greater inhibition. In two Stroop experiments, we examined the Inhibition hypothesis by adopting a procedure, often used in visual cognition paradigms, that induces a particular inhibitory component. So-called Negative Priming occurs when a distracting non-target stimulus on one trial becomes the target on the following trial. Results from our experiments showed that the degree to which this type of inhibition occurs within the Stroop effect is no different for men and women. This was the case irrespective of whether participants made a vocal response (Experiment 1; n = 64, 32 men and 32 women) or a manual response (Experiment 2; n = 64, 32 men and 32 women). These results do not therefore support the Inhibition hypothesis. We additionally review findings from a range of paradigms that can be seen as indexing the different components required for the Stroop task (e.g., distractor suppression). This review suggests that the sex effect is due to superior color naming ability in women.

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A sex difference in location-based inhibition-of-return

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation

Gender differences in functional connectivity during emotion regulation

Sex Differences in Temporal but Not Spatial Attentional Capture

The Stroop Task Sex Difference: Evolved Inhibition or Color Naming?

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