A severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma (orf) in a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Norway

Vikøren, Turid; Lillehaug, Atle; Åkerstedt, Johan; Bretten, Tord; Haugum, Magne; Tryland, Morten

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.029

Cited by 88 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…Clinical signs of orf infection was used to identify animals with CE. Typical Orf virus CPE was observed in LT and MDCK cells as reported previously [4,19,26]. These include ballooning, rounding and degeneration of cells as early as 3 days post inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The clinical signs of CE is the first diagnostic tool in the field. Techniques such as cell culture [19,26,28] and PCR have been used for virus isolation and detection [9,14,15,19,26,28]. PCR was evaluated as a fast, cheap and valid technique for virus detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR was evaluated as a fast, cheap and valid technique for virus detection. The most common genes used are B2L gene; a highly immunogenic envelope gene [19,26,28] and Orf F1L gene; an immunodominant gene [1,9,12,14,15,18,19,26,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia

et al. 2015

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Orf virus is a DNA virus that causes contiguous ecthyma in goat and sheep. Infection of animals with this virus cause high mortality in young animals resulting in huge economic losses. In this study, we investigated an outbreak of Orf in a goat farm in Malaysia. Samples were collected from infected animals and viral isolation was done using both LT and MDCK cell lines. Molecular detection was done by conventional PCR for specific primers; B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis was done on the sequence data obtained. Cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed in both cell lines after 3 days of inoculation and were 50 % by the sixth day. PCR showed positive bands for both B2L and F1L genes and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Malaysian strain had close homology to the Chinese and Indian Orf virus isolates. This study gives more insight into the existing Orf viral strains in Malaysia and their relationship with other strains globally.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of caprine Orf virus in Malaysia

et al. 2015

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“…Considered a disease of domestic sheep and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), CE occurred in an outbreak in muskoxen in Norway, where infected cows with udder and teat lesions refused to let calves suckle. Also, lesions on the lips and interdigits of calves might have contributed to decreased calf survival (Vikøren et al 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…muskox population on Dovre Mountain plateau, Norway. In 2004, this population experienced a severe contagious ecthyma (CE) outbreak (Vikøren et al 2008), and in 2006, a multifactorial outbreak of pneumonia occurred during extreme weather events and caused mortality of up to 26% (Ytrehus et al 2008(Ytrehus et al , 2015. In 2012, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was the primary cause of a severe pneumonia outbreak (Handeland et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%