A set of waveguide primary thermal noise standards and related calibration systems for the frequency range 8.2-40 GHz

Achkar, Joseph

doi:10.1109/19.769676

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…National Metrology Institutes have developed different primary standards. Some examples are the French standards (LNE) based on a set of waveguides ranging from 8.2 GHz to 40 GHz [1] or the German standards (PTB), both in waveguide (X-band, 12.4 GHz to 18 GHz) [2] and in coaxial technology (0.1 GHz to 10 GHz) [3]. These and other noise standards (NIST, NPL) are compared in [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

et al. 2012

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A broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements is presented and its thermal and electromagnetic behaviour is analysed by means of a novel hybrid analytical-numerical simulation methodology. The standard consists of a broadband termination connected to a 3.5 mm coaxial airline partially immersed in liquid nitrogen and is designed in order to obtain a low reflectivity and a low uncertainty in the noise temperature. A detailed sensitivity analysis is made in order to highlight the critical characteristics that mostly affect the uncertainty in the noise temperature, and also to determine the manufacturing and operation tolerances for a proper performance in the range 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz. Aspects such as the thermal bead design, the level of liquid nitrogen or the uncertainties associated with the temperatures, the physical properties of the materials in the standard and the simulation techniques are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

et al. 2012

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“…Some examples are the French standards (LCIE) based on a set of waveguides ranging from 8.2 to 40GHz [1] or the German standards (PTB), both in waveguide (X-band, 12.4-18GHz) [2] and in coaxial technology (0.1-10GHz) [3]. These and other noise standards (NIST, NPL) are compared in [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New broadband thermal noise primary standard in coaxial technology

Fornet-Ruiz

Guerrero

Monzó‐Cabrera

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium

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-A broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements is presented and its thermal and electromagnetic behavior is analyzed by means of analytical and numerical simulation techniques. It consists of a broadband termination connected to a 3.5mm coaxial airline partially immersed in liquid Nitrogen. The main innovative part of the device is the thermal bead between inner and outer conductors, designed for obtaining a proper thermal contact and to keep low both its contribution to the total thermal noise and its reflectivity. A sensitivity analysis is realized in order to fix the manufacturing tolerances for a proper performance in the range 10MHz-26.5GHz.

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“…De la bibliografía existente sobre patrones de ruido [ACH99], [BUC93], [DAY73], [DAY84], [KES86], [MIL67], [RAN99], [STE68] y [TRE68] se ha utilizado como modelo para el futuro patrón de ruido el presentado en la nota técnica NBS 1074 del NIST [DAY84]. Siguiendo dicha nota técnica se ha definido una estructura de patrón de ruido, como la que se muestra en la figura de esta página, compuesta por una línea coaxial de aire terminada en su parte inferior con una carga adaptada de banda ancha sumergida en nitrógeno líquido y un circuito de agua en su parte superior en contacto con el conductor exterior del coaxial, para forzar una estabilización a la temperatura ambiente.…”

Section: Planteamiento Y Objetivos De La Tesisunclassified

Análisis y diseño de un patrón de ruido térmico de 10 MHz a 26,5 GHz en tecnología coaxial

Ruiz¹

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A set of waveguide primary thermal noise standards and related calibration systems for the frequency range 8.2-40 GHz

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

Analysis of noise temperature sensitivity for the design of a broadband thermal noise primary standard

New broadband thermal noise primary standard in coaxial technology

Análisis y diseño de un patrón de ruido térmico de 10 MHz a 26,5 GHz en tecnología coaxial

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