A SERS study of oxidation of glutathione under plasma irradiation

Abstract

This paper reports a new application of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in analysis of oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), an important biochemical redox reaction in biological systems, under oxidative stress imposed by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Using the silver nanoparticles (NPs) prepared through the reduction of AgNO 3 by beta-cyclodextrin (b-CD), the transformation of GSH to GSSG under DBD irradiation can be probed with only a small quantity of sample at low concentration. Based on the intensity ratio of two characteristic Raman bands, i.e., the band at 1051 cm À1 (C-N stretching) and the band at 509 cm À1 (S-S stretching), which stem respectively from GSH and GSSG, the conversion between the reduced and oxidized glutathione can be determined quantitatively. This work demonstrates another useful extension of the SERS technique applied to bioscience research, i.e., rapid probing and quantitative assessing of chemical reactions of biomolecules under oxidative stress conditions.

Elucidation of Plasma-induced Chemical Modifications on Glutathione and Glutathione Disulphide

“…For GSH, we observed a decrease in intensity of the band at 2560 cm −1 that was assigned to the S-H stretching mode (ν(S-H)). A similar change of GSH has also been observed for other plasma set-ups 20 , 30 as well as for cysteine and other cysteine containing molecules 31 , 32 upon DBD treatment. In accordance with these studies, we assigned this to the oxidation of the sulphur moiety.…”

“…In accordance with these studies, we assigned this to the oxidation of the sulphur moiety. Compared to the studies of Ke and Ma 20 , 30 , we also observed the formation of GSSG indicated by the rise of the band at 508 cm −1 , which can be annotated to the stretching motion of the disulphide bond (ν(S-S)). However, we observed additional other oxidation products besides GSSG.…”

Coassembly of Gold Nanoclusters with Nucleic Acids: Sensing, Bioimaging, and Gene Transfection

“…Considering the starting ratio of 3:1 of KRKC–NH 2 versus GSH as well as the different molecular weight of the two peptides, this content can be translated into a thiolate‐to‐Au ratio of 0.88:1, which is comparable to the ratio reported for the GSH‐stabilized gold nanoclusters, indicating that KRKC–NH 2 is similarly effective as GSH in stabilizing the fluorescent nanoclusters 12a. The isoelectric points of KRKC–NH 2 and GSH are 9.80 and 5.93, respectively . K4‐AuNCs migrate toward the cathode at pH 8.3 in the electrophoretic experiment (Figure S3A, Supporting Information), and the surface potential measurements give the values of 6.7 ± 0.4 and 4.7 ± 0.1 mV for K4‐AuNC solutions prepared in TAE and PBS buffer, respectively (Figure S3C, Supporting Information).…”

“…[12a] The isoelectric points of KRKC-NH 2 and GSH are 9.80 and 5.93, respectively. [14] K4-AuNCs migrate toward the cathode at pH 8.3 in the electrophoretic experiment ( Figure S3A, Supporting Information), and the surface potential measurements give the values of 6.7 ± 0.4 and 4.7 ± 0.1 mV for K4-AuNC solutions prepared in TAE and PBS buffer, respectively ( Figure S3C, Supporting Information). Both experiments confirm the positively charged surface.…”

Applications of SERS in the Detection of Stress-Related Substances

“…Only a two-step process for HSP70 detection was needed, which is much simpler compared to the multi-step ELISA method and has the potential to replace ELISA [ 218 ]. AgNPs prepared through the reduction of AgNO 3 by beta-cyclodextrin were employed to achieve sensitive SERS analysis of glutathione [ 219 ]. These researches allowed us to suggest that SERS would develop into a promising technique for simple, rapid, and on-site screening of trace effector molecules for deeply exploring the tolerance mechanisms.…”