“…Some other studies used core-satellite nanostructures for enhancing Raman reporter molecules that were placed at the hot spots but not for determining the concentrations of molecules 30,31,33,34,48–50 . Many of the core-satellite nanostructures used for SERS detection of molecules were based on detection schemes that utilized either DNA aptamers and Raman reporter molecules 28,29,36,37,51–53 or certain kinds of chemical interactions 54–56 , but the availability of suitable aptamers and chemical reactions could limit the use of the nanostructures for the detection of other molecules. Some of the SERS substrates formed with core-satellite nanostructures did not have many SERS hot spots in the z-direction, and the density of the nanostructures in the xy-plane was not maximized 14,27,57 .…”