A Serosurvey of Haemophilus ducreyi, Syphilis, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Female Sex Workers in Lagos, Nigeria

Dada, Abinbola J.; Ajayi, Abraham; Diamondstone, Laura; Quinn, Thomas C.; Blattner, William A.; Biggar, Robert J.

doi:10.1097/00007435-199805000-00004

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…We detected 47.3% HSV-2 seroprevalence rate but since there is no data in our country we could not compare this rate with other studies.This figure however seems close to the values found among high risk groups: 59% among commercial sex workers in Nigeria [9]; and 56.3% among hotel/bar workers in Tanzania [10]. Although this seroprevalence result falls within the range of 30%-80% found among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa [11], it is higher than HSV-2 seroprevalences found in several studies among populations of pregnant women in the sub-Saharan Africa region: 20.7% and 33.6% from different locations in Tanzania [12,13]; and 26% in Senegal [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexual behavioral correlates with HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria

Kalu

Ojide

Fowotade

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The burden of HSV-2 infection, the cause of most cases of genital herpes in Nigeria, varies from region to region; and so are the associated factors. This infection is known to be responsible for several negative pregnancy outcomes. There is currently no documented data on sexual behavioral factors associated with the occurrence of HSV-2 infection or seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria. This study aimed at identifying the sexual behavioral correlates of HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: The cross-sectional study design was adopted and the study took place between November 2011 and June 2012. Four hundred and ten consenting ante-natal clinic patients in two major tertiary hospitals in Benin City were consecutively and prospectively included. Data sources were represented by questionnaires, the patient's case records and laboratory investigations. Each patient's serum was analyzed for HSV-2 antibody detection. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: Four hundred and ten patients were enrolled with average age 30.6 years. Seroprevalence of HSV-2 antibody was 47.3%. Sexual behavioral factors that were significantly associated with HSV-2 seroprevalence included early exposure to sexual intercourse, number of sex partners, involvement in polygamous marriages, involvement of husband in extra-marital affairs and hormonal contraceptive use. Conclusion: The prevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women in Benin City is high. Public health campaigns aimed at: delaying onset of sexual activity; encouraging monogamous relationships; and emphasizing that hormonal contraceptives do not protect from STI's, are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sexual behavioral correlates with HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria

Kalu

Ojide

Fowotade

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…(18), with a median of 9% and a range of 0% (in Los Angeles, Calif.) to 30% (in Memphis, Tenn.) (11). In different parts of Africa, the prevalence of syphilis varies also: 23% in Lesotho (8), 15% in Dakar, Senegal (25), both by PCR and by serology, and 4% in Lagos, Nigeria (5). In a small study among 31 patients with GUD in northern Thailand, none of the patients were T. pallidum positive by M-PCR (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Genital Ulcer Disease in a Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Bruisten¹,

Cairo

Fennema

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

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The most common etiologic agents of genital ulcer disease (GUD) are herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, Treponema pallidum, and Haemophilus ducreyi. In an outpatient clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, specimens from 372 patients with GUD were collected from February to November 1996. Sera were collected at the time of the symptoms and, for most patients, also during follow-up visits. Swabs in viral transport medium were used for HSV culture and for detection of DNA. The most prevalent pathogen found was HSV-2, which was detected by culture in 35% of the patients and by PCR in 48% of the patients. Also, HSV-1 infection was more often detected by PCR (7.8%) than by culture (5.6%). Evidence for an active infection with T. pallidum was found in 1.9% of the patients, using serological tests. A multiplex PCR for simultaneous T. pallidum and H. ducreyi DNA detection was positive for T. pallidum in 3.3% of the samples and for H. ducreyi in only 0.9% (3 out of 368) of the samples. The sensitivity of the PCR was superior to that of culture for HSV detection and to that of serology for T. pallidum detection. Specific H. ducreyi immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected in sera of 5.2% of the patients, with no concordance between serology and PCR. In 37% of the cases, none of the tested microorganisms was detected. Performance of PCR in addition to conventional techniques significantly improved the diagnosis of GUD.

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“…41 High rates (59%) are also reported in commercial sex workers in Nigeria. 42 Among young men recruited into the armed forces in northern Thailand, the HSV-2 antibody prevalence was 41%. 43 These levels are higher than those in the United States, 44 where, since the 1970s, the prevalence of HSV-2 in the general population increased by 30% to levels of 26% in women and 18% in men in 1988-94.…”

Section: Hsv In Developing Countries: the Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

O’Farrell

1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

100

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Background:The recognition that sexually transmitted infections (STI) facilitate HIV transmission among heterosexuals has led to a rejuvenated focus on improving STI control as a component of HIV prevention programmes in developing countries. While eVorts so far have focused mainly on all STI, there is increasing evidence that genital ulcers facilitate a considerable proportion of HIV transmission among heterosexuals and that this eVect has been underestimated. This paper focuses on the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries past and present. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries and discuss the implications of the findings for STI control and HIV prevention programmes. Search methodology: A Medline search for June 1966 to August 1999 using the keywords, genital herpes, STD and developing countries, and genital ulcers in MeSH and free text. Abstract books from recent international AIDS conferences and other international STD conferences were reviewed. The annual reports of the medical oYcers of heath for Harare 1982 and Durban 1989 were reviewed to detect trends in genital herpes diagnoses. Findings: Genital herpes, formerly regarded as a minor STI in most developing countries, has now emerged as a leading cause of genital ulceration in many countries where syphilis and chancroid were more prevalent previously. This increased recognition of genital herpes reflects both a change in the pattern of STI epidemiology through a decline in syphilis and chancroid as a response to HIV control programmes and improved techniques for diagnosing herpetic infection. Countries with significant heterosexual HIV epidemics also appear to have rapidly increasing numbers of genital herpes cases. Conclusions:The emergence of this herpes epidemic must be addressed through innovative strategies that will be viable, sustainable, acceptable, and eVective in developing countries. In countries where genital herpes is a significant problem, local adaptation of WHO treatment algorithms should be made. STI service providers should be trained about issues around the transmission of herpes and how best to advise clients about dealing with, and recognising, recurrences. The eVectiveness of antiviral treatment for genital herpes should be investigated in core groups at high risk of HIV. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:377-384)

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A Serosurvey of Haemophilus ducreyi, Syphilis, and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Female Sex Workers in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: The prevalence of H. ducreyi antibodies is the highest rate that has been reported. Our findings underscore the importance of an effective program to control GUDs as part of the strategy to prevent the potentially explosive spread of HIV in Nigeria.

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Sexual behavioral correlates with HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria

Sexual behavioral correlates with HSV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Nigeria

Diagnosing Genital Ulcer Disease in a Clinic for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

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