A Serological Comparison of Umbelliferae Subfamilies

Pickering, Jerry L.; Fairbrothers, David E.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1970.tb09898.x

“…In contrast, Apioideae and Saniculoideae are considered more closely related to each other than either is to Hydrocotyloideae (Pickering and Fairbrothers, 1970;Cronquist, 1981). Apioideae are usually considered the most advanced subfamily of Apiaceae; they differ from the Saniculoideae in a number of features, including anatomy (Tseng, 1967), flavonoids (Crowden, Harborne, and Heywood, 1969), serology (Pickering and Fairbrothers, 1970), and, most notably, inflorescence type. The Saniculoideae generally lack compound umbels, having instead various modifications, including capitula (e.g., Eryngium), or even pseudanthial capitula (e.g., Astrantia, Petagnia, and Thecocarpus) (Rodriguez, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Level Relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) Based on Phylogenetic Analysis of rbcL Sequences

Plunkett

¹

,

Soltis

²

,

Soltis

³

1996

American Journal of Botany

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The two families of the order Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) represent a classic example of the difficulty in understanding evolutionary relationships between tropical‐temperate family pairs. In Apiales, this problem is further compounded by phylogenetic confusion at almost every taxonomic level, including ordinal, interfamilial, and infrafamilial, due largely to difficulties in understanding trends in morphological evolution. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences were employed to resolve relationships at the ordinal and familial levels. The results of the ordinal analysis confirm the placement of Apiales in an expanded subclass Asteridae as the sister group to Pittosporaceae, and refute the traditional alliance of Apiales with Cornales and Rosidae. This study has also resolved relationships of a number of enigmatic genera, suggesting, for example, that Melanophylla, Aralidium, Griselinia, and Toricellia are close relatives of Apiales. Clarification of phylogenetic relationships has concomitantly provided insights into trends of morphological evolution, and suggests that the ancestral apialean taxon was probably bicarpellate, simple‐leaved, woody, and paleotropical. Phylogenetic analysis at the family level suggests that apiaceous subfamily Hydrocotyloideae, often envisioned as an intermediate group between Apiaceae and Araliaceae, is polyphyletic, with some hydrocotyloids closely allied with Araliaceae rather than Apiaceae. With the exception of some hydrocotyloids, Apiaceae appear to be monophyletic. The relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae remains problematic. Although the shortest rbcL trees suggest that Apiaceae are derived from within a paraphyletic Araliaceae, this result is only weakly supported.

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An Electrophoretic and Serological Investigation of Seed Proteins in Galeopsis Tetrahit L. (Labiatae) and Its Putative Parental Species

Houts

¹

,

Hillebrand

²

1976

American J of Botany

7

0

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Seed proteins from the tetraploid Galeopsis tetrahit L. and its putative parental species G. pubescens Bess. and G. speciosa Mill., were examined using disc gel electrophoresis (PAGE), Ouchterlony double diffusion, and Immunoelectrophoresis. Forty‐three inbred cultivated lines of G. speciosa, G. pubescens, and G. tetrahit (both the naturally occurring species and an artificially produced hybrid) and two wild populations of G. tetrahit were examined. PAGE gels were stained for total protein or malate dehydrogenase. Although variability in the total protein pattern was detected within and between lines for all three species, there was much similarity among the taxa. No bands appeared in the hybrid that were not present in the parents. The band pattern for synthetic G. tetrahit was very similar to that of natural G. tetrahit suggesting that G. tetrahit originated from a cross in nature between G. pubescens and G. speciosa. The total protein PAGE results were analyzed using numerical taxonomic techniques. Although these analyses did not clearly separate the three species, the general tendency was toward grouping G. pubescens lines together, natural G. tetrahit lines together, and synthetic G. tetrahit lines together. Natural and synthetic G. tetrahit lines were also interspersed among each other along with some G. speciosa lines. The malate dehydrogenase pattern showed little variation among the three species. Qualitative serological methods did not distingush among the three species, but confirmed the similarity observed among the taxa in the results of electrophoresis.

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Higher level relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences

Plunkett

¹

,

Soltis

²

,

Soltis

³

1996

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The two families of the order Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) represent a classic example of the difficulty in understanding evolutionary relationships between tropical‐temperate family pairs. In Apiales, this problem is further compounded by phylogenetic confusion at almost every taxonomic level, including ordinal, interfamilial, and infrafamilial, due largely to difficulties in understanding trends in morphological evolution. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequences were employed to resolve relationships at the ordinal and familial levels. The results of the ordinal analysis confirm the placement of Apiales in an expanded subclass Asteridae as the sister group to Pittosporaceae, and refute the traditional alliance of Apiales with Cornales and Rosidae. This study has also resolved relationships of a number of enigmatic genera, suggesting, for example, that Melanophylla, Aralidium, Griselinia, and Toricellia are close relatives of Apiales. Clarification of phylogenetic relationships has concomitantly provided insights into trends of morphological evolution, and suggests that the ancestral apialean taxon was probably bicarpellate, simple‐leaved, woody, and paleotropical. Phylogenetic analysis at the family level suggests that apiaceous subfamily Hydrocotyloideae, often envisioned as an intermediate group between Apiaceae and Araliaceae, is polyphyletic, with some hydrocotyloids closely allied with Araliaceae rather than Apiaceae. With the exception of some hydrocotyloids, Apiaceae appear to be monophyletic. The relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae remains problematic. Although the shortest rbcL trees suggest that Apiaceae are derived from within a paraphyletic Araliaceae, this result is only weakly supported.

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A Serological Comparison of Umbelliferae Subfamilies

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Higher Level Relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) Based on Phylogenetic Analysis of rbcL Sequences

Higher Level Relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) Based on Phylogenetic Analysis of rbcL Sequences

An Electrophoretic and Serological Investigation of Seed Proteins in Galeopsis Tetrahit L. (Labiatae) and Its Putative Parental Species

Higher level relationships of Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequences

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