A serologic survey for avian polyomavirus and Pacheco's disease virus in Australian cockatoos

Raidal, Shane R.; Cross, G. M.; Tomaszewski, Elizabeth K.; Graham, David L.; Phalen, David N.

doi:10.1080/03079459808419334

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The threshold susceptible population size required to maintain BFDV endemically in psittacine populations is unknown but, with less than 50 individuals, the wild population of Orange-bellied Parrots is almost certainly too small to maintain one, let alone two, BFDV genotypes on its own (Raidal et al, 1993(Raidal et al, , 1998Swinton et al, 1998). Nevertheless, the three wild birds we investigated represent more than 6% of the wild population of this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cacatua galerita, the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, was the first species in which PBFD was described and is known to maintain a high prevalence of antibody to BFDV in wild populations (Raidal et al, 1993). The role of natural and artificial nest hollows in the transmission of BFDV and other viruses (Raidal et al, 1998;Mackie et al, 2003) in wild Australian psittacine birds needs to be much better characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The re-emergence of BFDV in the wild Orange-bellied Parrot population is also a reminder that, even if infectious disease rarely is solely responsible for the extinction of a species, for populations that are critically endangered, emergent or introduced pathogens can present a significant risk. Indeed, Orangebellied Parrots are also at risk from several other pathogens such as avian polyomavirus (Raidal et al, 1998) that are capable of causing catastrophically high mortality (Harris, 2006) and could result in the extinction of the few remaining birds through stochastic processes. It is crucial therefore that management of critically endangered species is highly attentive to the risks of infectious disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Spillover Into Wild Critically Endangered Orange-Bellied Parrots (Neophema Chrysogaster)

Peters

Patterson

Baker

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We report the recent emergence of a novel beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genotype in the last remaining wild population of the critically endangered Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). This virus poses a significant threat to the recovery of the species and potentially its survival in the wild. We used PCR to detect BFDV in the blood of three psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)-affected wild Orange-bellied Parrot fledglings captured as founders for an existing captive breeding recovery program. Complete BFDV genome sequence data from one of these birds demonstrating a 1,993-nucleotide-long read encompass the entire circular genome. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis supported the solitary position of this viral isolate in a genetically isolated branch of BFDV. On Rep gene sequencing, a homologous genotype was present in a second wild orange-bellied parrot and the third bird was infected with a distantly related genotype. These viruses have newly appeared in a population that has been intensively monitored for BFDV for the last 13 yr. The detection of two distinct lineages of BFDV in the remnant wild population of Orange-bellied Parrots, consisting of fewer than 50 birds, suggests a role for other parrot species as a reservoir for infection by spillover into this critically endangered species. The potential for such a scenario to contribute to the extinction of a remnant wild animal population is supported by epidemiologic theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease Virus Spillover Into Wild Critically Endangered Orange-Bellied Parrots (Neophema Chrysogaster)

Peters

Patterson

Baker

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The signs of APV infection are more variable than those of BFDV, although a common feature is sudden death and feather abnormalities of nestlings . Mortality may reach 100%, with nestlings being most commonly affected . Birds infected as juveniles can sustain chronic infections or become subclinically affected and are likely reservoirs intermittently shedding the virus in droppings .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these efforts, worldwide data are still relatively limited . To the authors' knowledge, Australian data on the prevalence of these viruses are limited to a report on the prevalence of BFDV (by PCR) in a population of captive cockatiels, an investigation of BFDV prevalence in loriids based on diagnostic samples submitted by referring veterinarians and a serological survey of APV in wild and captive psittacine birds . Further investigation into the prevalence of these viruses can supply epidemiological information, identify potential means for prevention and control of the diseases caused by these viruses, and may motivate investigations into the development of suitable vaccines …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%