A Serologic Study of California Serogroup Bunyaviruses in Sri Lanka

Arunagiri, C. K.; Perera, Liyanage P.; Abeykoon, S. B.; Peiris, Jsm

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.377

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…JCV was an exception with infection resulting in a unique broad cross-neutralizing antibody response. However, it has been reported that while mouse antiserum raised against TAHV or Lumbo virus was able to cross-neutralize each virus, serum samples from humans naturally infected with one virus do not reciprocally neutralize the other virus to a significant extent [26]. In the current study, we used primate sera from rhesus monkeys to demonstrate the cross-neutralizing potential of JCV serum, with the expectation that this would more closely mimic the antibody response in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys

Bennett

Gresko

Murphy

et al. 2011

Virol J

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BackgroundTahyna virus (TAHV) is a human pathogen of the California encephalitis virus (CEV) serogroup (Bunyaviridae) endemic to Europe, Asia, and Africa. TAHV maintains an enzootic life cycle with several species of mosquito vectors and hares, rabbits, hedgehogs, and rodents serving as small mammal amplifying hosts. Human TAHV infection occurs in summer and early fall with symptoms of fever, headache, malaise, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, and nausea. TAHV disease can progress to CNS involvement, although unlike related La Crosse virus (LACV), fatalities have not been reported. Human infections are frequent with neutralizing antibodies present in 60-80% of the elderly population in endemic areas.ResultsIn order to determine the genomic sequence of wild-type TAHV, we chose three TAHV isolates collected over a 26-year period from mosquitoes. Here we present the first complete sequence of the TAHV S, M, and L segments. The three TAHV isolates maintained a highly conserved genome with both nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity greater than 99%. In order to determine the extent of genetic relatedness to other members of the CEV serogroup, we compared protein sequences of TAHV with LACV, Snowshoe Hare virus (SSHV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), and Inkoo virus (INKV). By amino acid comparison, TAHV was most similar to SSHV followed by LACV, JCV, and INKV. The sequence of the GN protein is most conserved followed by L, N, GC, NSS, and NSM. In a weanling Swiss Webster mouse model, all three TAHV isolates were uniformly neurovirulent, but only one virus was neuroinvasive. In rhesus monkeys, the virus was highly immunogenic even in the absence of viremia. Cross neutralization studies utilizing monkey immune serum demonstrated that TAHV is antigenically distinct from North American viruses LACV and JCV.ConclusionsHere we report the first complete sequence of TAHV and present genetic analysis of new-world viruses, LACV, SSHV, and JCV with old-world viruses, TAHV and INKV. Using immune serum generated in monkeys against TAHV, LACV, and JCV, we have demonstrated cross-neutralization within the CEV serogroup. Such cross reactivity may complicate virus identification, especially following JCV infection which elicited antibodies that cross neutralized both LACV and TAHV. These data also suggest that a single vaccine could generate a cross-neutralizing antibody response which may provide protection against CEV serogroup viruses from a wide geographic range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys

Bennett

Gresko

Murphy

et al. 2011

Virol J

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“…Within the genus Orthobunyavirus, the California serogroup consists of about 14 viruses that are antigenically related to its original member, California encephalitis virus (7), which while described in association with a human infection, has since been seldom isolated, and rarely in relationship to central nervous system disease (20). Human infections by several other members of the California serogroup have been well documented (2,32,51,54,55,60), including La Crosse virus (LACV) and Tahyna virus (TAHV), which have been studied most extensively. LACV is an important cause of pediatric encephalitis and aseptic meningitis in the Midwestern United States, where its principal vector, Aedes triseriatus, resides (33,44,54).…”

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confidence: 99%

La Crosse Virus Nonstructural Protein NSs Counteracts the Effects of Short Interfering RNA

Soldan¹,

Plassmeyer

Matukonis

et al. 2005

J Virol

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“…Both California serogroup and Chandipura viruses are known causes of viral encephalitis in humans. Neutralization tests revealed the presence of a virus closely related to Snowshoe hare virus and another related to Melao virus (Arunagiri et al, 1991). In a comparative study of sera from school age children (8-16 years) in different agroclimatological regions of Sri Lanka, the highest sero-prevalence (6%) in children being found in those living within the dry zone forested areas of the country with 1% seroprevalence in children elsewhere.…”

Section: California Serogroup Virusesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a comparative study of sera from school age children (8-16 years) in different agroclimatological regions of Sri Lanka, the highest sero-prevalence (6%) in children being found in those living within the dry zone forested areas of the country with 1% seroprevalence in children elsewhere. Pigs, cattle, dogs, rodents and chicken had significant sero-prevalence to these viruses (Arunagiri et al, 1991). Toque macaques (Macaca sinica) in a sylvatic habitat in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka had high seroprevalence to California serogroup viruses, with an age depended increase in seroprevalence suggesting endemic virus transmission (Peiris et al,1993).…”

Section: California Serogroup Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology of Arboviruses in Sri Lanka: A Summary of Studies from 1984-1990

Peiris¹,

Arunagiri²,

Perera³

2009

Ceylon J. Sci. (Biol. Sci.)

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Studies on arboviruses carried out between 1984-1990 at the University of Peradeniya are summarized here. The isolation of Nairobi sheep disease virus, Getah, Batai and Arkonam and serological evidence of the circulation of California encephalitis serogroup and Chandipura viruses have been reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The ecology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in areas with epidemic disease and sylvatic infection has been compared. A synchronous pattern of seroconversion in pigs and seroprevalence in cattle are more predictive of epidemic JE risk than overall porcine seroprevalence which is a good indicator of the presence of sylvatic JE rather than of human epidemic risk. Relatively modest changes in vector abundance associated with rainfall or agricultural practices have dramatic changes on the emergence of epidemic JE. Chandipura virus which is known to cause major outbreaks of encephalitis in India is endemic in Sri Lanka as are viruses belonging to the California encephalitis serogroup. Both these viruses are potential causes of human encephalitis and should be sought in patients with undiagnosed encephalitis. Nairobi sheep disease virus is endemic in animals (especially goats) and infects humans working closely with such livestock. Arboviruses remain an under-recognised cause of human and animal disease and an inter-sectoral multidisciplinary approach is needed to confront such emerging infectious disease threat.

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A Serologic Study of California Serogroup Bunyaviruses in Sri Lanka

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys

Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys

La Crosse Virus Nonstructural Protein NSs Counteracts the Effects of Short Interfering RNA

Ecology of Arboviruses in Sri Lanka: A Summary of Studies from 1984-1990

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