A seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in Scotland and England

Mh, Jackson; Wm, Hutchison; Jc, Siim

doi:10.1080/00034983.1987.11812132

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One study employed toxoplasma skin test to find evidence of toxoplasma latent infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and the overall positivity was found to be 21%. 11 A study from Scotland and England in rural and urban blood donors showed 7.6% and 7.8% seropositivity 12 respectively, which is much lower compared to our findings. Behbehani et al have found 95.5% seropositivity among Kuwaitis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Antibodies in Blood Donors in Al-Hassa

Yaneza

Kumari

1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Most of the toxoplasma infections are asymptomatic or benign, but may cause severe or fatal consequences in immunodeficient patients, transplant recipients, and in the fetus. Transmission may occur by eating uncooked meat, contaminated vegetables, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and across the placenta from the mother to the fetus. Antibodies to T. gondii may persist in the serum at high titers for years. We screened 784 Saudi blood donors using indirect hemagglutination test and 294 (37.5%) were found to be seropositive at different titers. The highest rate of seropositivity was found in the age group 21 to 30 years in males, and after 40 years of age, the presence of antibodies declined. Among females, the higher rate of seropositivity in the age group 18 to 20 years should be confirmed by further studies. Ann Saudi Med 1994;14(3):230-232. A Yaneza, P Kumari, Prevalence of Toxoplasma Antibodies in Blood Donors in Al-Hassa. 1994; 14(3): 230-232 Toxoplasmosis caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a very common infection among young adults in different parts of the world.1 Most of the toxoplasma infections are either asymptomatic or otherwise benign, but in some fetuses, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, and in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy, they may cause severe or even fatal consequences. 2Of those patients with AIDS who are seropositive, about 25% to 50% will develop toxoplasmic encephalitis. Transmission to the fetus occurs when the mother acquires acute infection during pregnancy. The disease may be transmitted by blood transfusion.2 It is difficult to distinguish between the recently acquired infection and the chronic infection because of the frequent presence of toxoplasma antibodies in the general population.4 These antibodies may persist in the serum of an asymptomatic individual for years at high titers. 5 In this study, sera from 784 Saudi blood donors at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital were screened for toxoplasma antibodies and 294 (37.5%) of them were found to have antibodies to toxoplasma at different titers. Material and MethodBlood from Saudi donors at King Fahad Hofuf Hospital was randomly collected for the study. The sera were separated and stored in aliquots at -10°C for about a month. The total number of donors screened was 784, of which 750 were males and 34 were females. The age of the donors ranged from 18 to 50 years. The sera were inactivated at 56°C for one hour and an indirect hemagglutination test using Toxocell-IHA (Biokit, Spain) was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Each sera was diluted from 1/16 up to 1/128. Any serum with a titer of 1/128 was further diluted up to 1/8192. Sera showing nonspecific agglutination were absorbed and retested. The absorbent reagent containing stabilized and unsensitized sheep cells at a cellular concentration of 10% and resuspended in a pH 7.2...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Antibodies in Blood Donors in Al-Hassa

Yaneza

Kumari

1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…So ergab eine Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse, dass sich die jährlichen Gesundheitskosten, bezogen auf die konnatale Toxoplasmose, im Falle eines Screeningprogramms um 25% reduzieren lassen [7]. [9,10], sind nur durchschnittlich 15-25% der schwangeren Frauen in Schweden und Großbritan-nien seropositiv [11,12]. Wahrscheinlich liegt die Seroprävalenz in Frankreich aufgrund besonderer Ernährungsgewohn-heiten sogar bei bis zu 90% [13].…”

Section: Epidemiologische Daten Zur Toxoplasmose In Der Schwangerschaftunclassified

Pr�valenz und Public-Health-Aspekte der Toxoplasmose

Groß

2004

Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common infectious diseases of man, which usually is not dangerous. Infection results from ingestion of cyst-containing meat products or by contact with oocyst-contaminated soil. Clinically relevant are (1) reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised individuals or (2) primary infection during pregnancy with subsequent prenatal toxoplasmosis of the fetus. In Germany, law requires the prenatal infection to be reported to the Robert Koch-Institute. Since most Toxoplasma-infected children are asymptomatic at birth and later develop sequelae (retinochoroiditis) up to the age of 20 years, no valid epidemiological data are currently available for Germany. However, some studies indicate that seroprevalence correlates with age and that 26-54% of women of childbearing age have antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii; incidence rates during pregnancy have been calculated to be between 0.5 and 0.6%. Knowing the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii will help to maintain preventive measures for seronegative pregnant women, children, and immunocompromised individuals.

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“…Transmission of T. gondii occurs by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocysts shed by cats or by eating undercooked or raw meat containing tissue cysts [2]. There is poor knowledge about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in migrant agricultural workers in the world in general [5-7], and we are not aware of any report in the medical literature about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in migrant workers in Mexico in particular. It is important to study migrant agricultural workers since they live in poverty, under poor sanitation conditions and low hygiene practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers living in poverty in Durango, Mexico

2013

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BackgroundMigrant agricultural workers are a group of people living in poverty with poor housing, sanitary conditions and hygiene practices. Little is known about the epidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers.MethodsWe investigated the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in 173 migrant workers hired for seasonal agricultural work in Durango State in northern Mexico using enzyme-linked immunoassays.ResultsOf the 173 migrant workers (mean age 34.82 ± 14.01 years), 50 (28.9%) had anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and 36 (20.8%) had anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence was not influenced by gender, age, birth place, or educational level. In contrast, seroprevalence was significantly higher in workers residing in rural areas than those in urban or suburban areas. Migrant workers suffering from memory impairment, dizziness, or syncope had significantly higher seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies than those without such clinical features. Logistic regression analysis showed that T. gondii exposure was positively associated with consumption of unwashed raw vegetables (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.06-5.35; P = 0.03) and low frequency of eating out of home (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 1.43-10.42; P = 0.007), and negatively associated with national trips (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13-0.65; P = 0.003) and consumption of raw milk (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.18-0.87; P = 0.02). Other behavioral characteristics including consumption of meat or untreated water were not associated with T. gondii infection.ConclusionsThis is the first report of T. gondii infection in internal migrant agricultural workers living in poverty. Results deserve further investigation of causal relations between clinical symptoms and infection, and may be useful for optimal planning of preventive measures.

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A seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in Scotland and England

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Antibodies in Blood Donors in Al-Hassa

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Antibodies in Blood Donors in Al-Hassa

Pr�valenz und Public-Health-Aspekte der Toxoplasmose

Seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in migrant agricultural workers living in poverty in Durango, Mexico

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