A Serious Issue for the Body Politic

Edwards, Julia; McKie, Linda

doi:10.1177/135050689600300303

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fear of contaminated toilet seats causes many women to hover over the toilet rather than actually sit on it. This can slow the flow and result in the bladder not fully emptying (Edwards and McKie 1996). Although toilet seat covers are standard features in most of California's public restrooms, they are rarely found elsewhere.…”

Section: Public Restrooms and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas men took a mere 83.6 seconds, women took almost three minutes (Rawls 1988). Edwards and McKie (1996) cited research collected by Kira (1976) comparing the length of time it took men and women to urinate, from entering to exiting a toilet. Eight studies of men's urination times showed averages of between 32 and 47 seconds, whereas six studies of women showed averages between 80 and 97 seconds.…”

Section: Places Of Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women also often are juggling purses, coats, and children in small stalls. Edwards and McKie (1996) analyzed myths surrounding why queues build up around women's public toilets. They point to both social and biological differences.…”

Section: Places Of Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United Kingdom, Edwards and McKie (1996) chronicled the history of All Mod Cons (AMC), a group of women in Cardiff who began a letter-writing campaign in the early 1980s to the local press complaining about the underprovision of public toilets and their impacts on women with small children. The group bombarded the British Standards Institute (BSI), which regulates the design and construction of toilets in public buildings, and consequently in 1991 the BSI invited AMC representatives to serve on a committee revising one of its standards.…”

Section: The 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potty Parity in Perspective: Gender and Family Issues in Planning and Designing Public Restrooms

Anthony

Dufresne

2007

Journal of Planning Literature

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Public restrooms are among the few remaining sex-segregated spaces in the American landscape, tangible relics of gender discrimination. This article describes how public restrooms have historically discriminated by class, race, physical ability, sexual orientation, as well as gender. It examines how public restrooms pose special health and safety problems for women, men, children, elderly, persons with disabilities, and caregivers. It chronicles potty parity legislation, examining impacts of and backlash from recent laws. It presents new developments signaling a growing international movement and a quiet restroom revolution: the newly formed World Toilet Organization, American Restroom Association, increased family and unisex restrooms, and technological inventions such as automatic self-cleaning public toilets. It proposes innovative solutions about how twenty-first-century public restrooms can make cities more livable; offers roles for planners, designers, and civic officials, and suggests new research directions. Sources include an extensive literature review of relevant legal research, scholarly publications, and media coverage.

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Section: Public Restrooms and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Places Of Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Places Of Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potty Parity in Perspective: Gender and Family Issues in Planning and Designing Public Restrooms

Anthony

Dufresne

2007

Journal of Planning Literature

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“…Srinivas (1992: 369) argues that although "defecation and self-cleaning, like procreation and food consumption, are an inextricable part of the human condition", toilet styles and behaviour have "received far too little attention as a research topic, and observations of social practices are few". Notable exceptions include Kira's (1976) study of bathroom design plus research (focused primarily on the global North) on toilets as gendered pubic spaces (Foucault, 1977: Lefebvre, 1974Banks, 1990;Cavanagh and Ware, 1991;Kristeva, 1996;Edwards and McKie, 1997;Cooper et al, 2000;Daley, 2000;Greed, 2003;Cowen et al, 2005;Penner, 2005;Gershenson and Penner, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%