A series-stacked power delivery architecture with hot-swapping for high-efficiency data centers

Candan, Enver; Heeger, Derek; Shenoy, Pradeep S.; Pilawa-Podgurski, Robert C. N.

doi:10.1109/ecce.2015.7309740

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Partial power processing reduces the required power converter ratings 1 [9] and hence the capital cost of converters [8]. Additionally, by reducing processed power, overall system efficiency increases and the cost of thermal management decreases [10]. These architectures can have a pre-determined choice of power converters and power flow topology because of both the high certainty in and homogeneity among the batteries [11] they process.…”

Section: Moreover They Add Economic Value To Ev Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lite-Sparse Hierarchical Partial Power Processing for Second-Use Battery Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2022

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The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) will be followed by a surge in retired EV batteries, which could be repurposed since they might be having nearly 80% available capacity. Repurposing automotive batteries for second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS) has both economical and environmental benefits. The challenge with assembling and aggregating second-use batteries to work together in a system is the heterogeneity in their capacity and power limits that can be evolving based on their degrading state of health. This paper introduces a new strategy to optimize 2-BESS performance despite the heterogeneity of individual batteries while reducing the cost of power conversion. In this paper, the statistical distribution of the power heterogeneity in the supply of batteries is used to optimize the choice of power converters and design the power flow within the battery energy storage system (BESS) to optimize power capability. By leveraging a new lite-sparse hierarchical partial power processing (LS-HiPPP) approach, we study how a hierarchy in partial power processing (PPP) partitions power converters to significantly reduce converter ratings, process less power to achieve high system efficiency with lower cost (lower efficiency) converters, and take advantage of economies of scale by requiring only a minimal number of sets of identical converters. Our results demonstrate that LS-HiPPP architectures offer the best tradeoff between battery utilization and converter cost and have higher system efficiency than conventional partial power processing (C-PPP) in all cases.INDEX TERMS Battery energy storage systems (BESS), Second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS), second-use batteries, second-life batteries, repurposed batteries

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Section: Moreover They Add Economic Value To Ev Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…δP j represents the power uncertainty of the j th battery. Constraint (10) is the power conservation law for each battery. Constraint (11) expresses the direct power transfer from the j th battery to the bus.…”

Section: B: Layer 2 Power Processing Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lite-Sparse Hierarchical Partial Power Processing for Second-Use Battery Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2022

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“…39,40 Figure 3 illustrates DPP configuration. Furthermore, DPP can be used in battery management, 41 data center power distribution, 42 and multicore CPU power delivery. 43 DPP unit has several advantages, like (i) low power rating of passive components, (ii) cheap implementation, and (iii) small size and cost.…”

Section: Differential Dppmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it is easy to implement a DPP unit in submodule, which can be connected in parallel with individual PV module. 44 F I G U R E 3 DPP converter based on buck-boost DC/DC converter [41][42][43][44][45]…”

Section: Differential Dppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐phase two‐leg buck‐boost DC‐AC inverter with differential power processor unit

Hossam-Eldin

Elserougi

Abdelsalam

et al. 2020

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Renewable energy sources (RESs) need power-electronics-based converters to deliver the acquired power to the grid. Those converters should provide voltage-bucking/boosting capabilities to accommodate various grid modes specially for three-phase distorted commonly unbalanced distribution utility networks. Several power electronic-based converters have been elaborated to fulfill this high-demand market. Single-stage converters are the most dominant in the market where the current source inverters (CSIs), impedance source inverters (ZSIs), and boost inverters are the high-end candidates. The aspects of cost, footprint, and minimal numbers of active switches, in addition to simplified controllability, build the main challenges that face the evolution of robust renewable energy-associated grid-tied converters. This paper presents a novel three-phase differential-mode buck-boost inverter based on two bidirectional buck-boost DC/DC converters and one differential power processor (DPP) unit. The proposed topology is a single-stage DC/AC converter offering bucking/boosting capability, with reduced hardware requirements. The proposed topology features a simplified control methodology in addition to reduced size and cost of the hardware setup which makes it more suitable for grid-tied renewable energy applications. The operation principles, small-signal model, and control strategy of the proposed topology are also illustrated. Simulation and experimental results are presented in details to verify the topologyenhanced performance under various operating conditions. The deducted results elucidate the viability of the proposed configuration alongside with the claimed merits. K E Y W O R D S DC/AC buck-boost inverter, DC/DC buck-boost converter, three-phase DC/AC inverter, threephase two-leg inverter 1 | INTRODUCTION Various renewable energy sources require the utilization of power electronics-based converter for maximum power tracking and grid integration purposes. The conventional two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) has been the most common grid-tied converter topology for DC/AC conversion applications. Due to the voltage buck nature of VSI, the

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Differential power processing for data centers applications: A comprehensive review

Faiad

Hamdan

Hamad

et al. 2020

Alexandria Engineering Journal

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A series-stacked power delivery architecture with hot-swapping for high-efficiency data centers

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Lite-Sparse Hierarchical Partial Power Processing for Second-Use Battery Energy Storage Systems

Lite-Sparse Hierarchical Partial Power Processing for Second-Use Battery Energy Storage Systems

Three‐phase two‐leg buck‐boost DC‐AC inverter with differential power processor unit

Differential power processing for data centers applications: A comprehensive review

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