A sequential process for hydrogen production based on continuous HDPE fast pyrolysis and in-line steam reforming

Coke formation and deactivation during catalytic reforming of biomass and waste pyrolysis products: A review

“…Aiming the mitigation of these operational problems, some authors have employed a fluidized bed reactor in the reforming step, with a mention to the pioneer work of Czernik and French [171], who employed a continuous pyrolysis-reforming of polypropylene in separated fluidized beds. Some other authors have improved the system performance, operating with (i) a conical spouted bed in the pyrolysis step, since the vigorous cyclic movement avoids bed defluidization and enhances mass and heat transport [49], (ii) followed by a fluidized bed in the reforming step ( Figure 5e), for plastics [172,173], biomass [174,175] and biomass/plastic mixtures [176]. This configuration allows working continuously for a higher period of time without operational problems, and thus involves a notorious improvement aiming a near-future scaling-up [26].…”

“…This may take place by means of covering of the active sites in the catalyst or pipe plugging, among other causes, and hence, these carbon deposits are often pointed as a non-desired product or residue during H2 production. These solid deposits include, among others, pyrolysis char [296][297][298][299], gasification char [300,301], pyrolytic lignin generated in the thermal treatment of bio-oil [253,279], or coke deposited on the catalyst during catalytic pyrolysis [302][303][304] or during reforming [111,112,141,142,[172][173][174] processes ( Figure 17).…”

Plastic waste as a feedstock for solar-driven H2 generation

“…7 Pyrolysis of waste plastics has been proposed as a replacement for this non-renewable process, but while it achieves H2 yields of 80-90%, it still requires significant energy input (500-800 °C) and releases greenhouse gases (~12 kg CO2 per 1 kg H2). [8][9][10][11] We propose ambient-temperature photoreforming (PR) of plastic waste as an alternative. Photoreforming requires four components -a photocatalyst, substrate, sunlight and waterto generate H2 at ambient pressure and temperature ( Fig.…”

Historical Developments in Carbon Sources, Biomass, Fossils, Biofuels and Biotechnology Review Article

“…Thermochemical (pyrolysis and gasification) and biological (bio photolysis, water-gas shift reaction and fermentation) processes can practically produce hydrogen (Ni et al, 2006). Barbarias et al (2016) reported about continuous fast pyrolysis (500°C) of pine wood sawdust has in a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) followed by in-line steam reforming of pyrolysis vapours in a fluidised bed reactor on a Ni commercial catalyst for H2 production from biomass. Various technologies generate hydrogen from a wide variety of primary energy sources, mainly (to 95%) from nonrenewable fossil sources such as oil, natural gas, and coal, coproducing CO2, while Cyanobacteria, anaerobic and fermentative bacteria can form biohydrogen as well (Balat and Kırtay, 2010).…”