A sequence mutation in the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene associated with altered lignification in loblolly pine

Gill, G. P.; Brown, Garth; Neale, David B.

doi:10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00024.x

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A nonsynonymous substitution in exon I of cad (SNP M28) was in strong association with earlywood specific gravity. DNA sequence data showed full linkage of this SNP with another nonsynonymous substitution in exon IV ( Figure 4A; our unpublished results), and partial linkage with the cad null allele causing lignin modifications in wild trees (see Ralph et al 1997;Gill et al 2003). cad is a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis (2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Several of these candidate genes for wood formation have been confirmed by forward or reverse genetic mutant analyses in model species (see, for example, Goujon et al 2003 for xylem lignification in Arabidopsis) or by the study of natural mutants (see Ralph et al 1997 andGill et al 2003 for cad gene). In addition, on the basis of the pattern of DNA sequence polymorphism, Pot et al (2005) suggested a functional role in wood formation for three genes: pp1 (a glycine-rich protein), cesA3 (a cellulose synthase), and korrigan (a gene involved in cellulosehemi-cellulose assembly; Pot et al 2006), andGonzález-Martínez et al (2006b) found that ccoaomt-1, a gene involved in lignin biosynthesis, might be a target of balancing selection in natural populations of P. taeda.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association Genetics in Pinus taeda L. I. Wood Property Traits

et al. 2007

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Genetic association is a powerful method for dissecting complex adaptive traits due to (i) fine-scale mapping resulting from historical recombination, (ii) wide coverage of phenotypic and genotypic variation within a single experiment, and (iii) the simultaneous discovery of loci and alleles. In this article, genetic association among single nucleotide polymorphisms (58 SNPs) from 20 wood-and drought-related candidate genes and an array of wood property traits with evolutionary and commercial importance, namely, earlywood and latewood specific gravity, percentage of latewood, earlywood microfibril angle, and wood chemistry (lignin and cellulose content), was tested using mixed linear models (MLMs) that account for relatedness among individuals by using a pairwise kinship matrix. Population structure, a common systematic bias in association studies, was assessed using 22 nuclear microsatellites. Different phenotype: genotype associations were found, some of them confirming previous evidence from collocation of QTL and genes in linkage maps (for example, 4cl and percentage of latewood) and two that involve nonsynonymous polymorphisms (cad SNP M28 with earlywood specific gravity and 4cl SNP M7 with percentage of latewood). The strongest genetic association found in this study was between allelic variation in a-tubulin, a gene involved in the formation of cortical microtubules, and earlywood microfibril angle. Intragenic LD decays rapidly in conifers; thus SNPs showing genetic association are likely to be located in close proximity to the causative polymorphisms. This first multigene association genetic study in forest trees has shown the feasibility of candidate gene strategies for dissecting complex adaptive traits, provided that genes belonging to key pathways and appropriate statistical tools are used. This approach is of particular utility in species such as conifers, where genomewide strategies are limited by their large genomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Association Genetics in Pinus taeda L. I. Wood Property Traits

et al. 2007

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“…Some mutations can be detected in the haploid megagametophytes that surround the embryo in the seed of gymnosperms. For example, a null mutation in the monolignol biosynthetic gene Cad was discovered in megagametophytes and was subsequently mapped, sequenced, and characterized Ralph et al 1997;Gill et al 2003).…”

Section: Inferring Functional Roles For Genes In Trees Forward Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association genetics has been applied to wood property traits (Thumma et al 2005;GonzalezMartinez et al 2006a) and the drought stress-response (Gonzalez-Martinez et al 2006b). In loblolly pine, a study of 58 SNPs in 20 wood and drought-related candidate genes found association of allelic variation in α-tubulin with earlywood microfibril angle (Gonzalez-Martinez et al 2006a). Association was also found for SNPs in two genes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway.…”

Section: Integration Of Quantitative and Molecular Genomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics, Domestication, and Evolution of Forest Trees

Sederoff

Myburg²,

Kirst³

2009

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

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“…Although natural mutants have been identified for some traits (e.g. Gill et al, 2003), routine genetic segregation and inheritance studies are problematic in trees due to their long generation time and strong inbreeding depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation as a Tool for Genetic Analysis in Populus

Busov

Strauss

Pilate³

2009

Genetics and Genomics of Populus

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We summarize the outlook for using transformation as a genetic tool in Populus. Transformation approaches avoid the major obstacle to performing genetics experiments in trees -namely long generation cycles and the difficulty of inbreeding to reveal loss of function alleles. Dominant transgenic alleles allow modifications in gene function to be readily observed in primary transformants. Although transformation has been mainly used for reverse genetics (where the gene sequence of interest is known), transgenic mutagenesis approaches such as activation tagging and gene/enhancer traps have also been shown to enable forward genetics (where the phenotype, not the gene, is known). We outline challenges and needs for more efficient use of transformation tools. These include expansion of the transformation toolbox (e.g., promoters, vectors, targeting), and improved ability to conduct field trials to study gene function in native and plantation environments (in spite of regulatory obstacles). Because of the power of transformation, it will remain a major genetic research tool for dissection of gene function in Populus for many years to come. It is the key biological attribute that makes poplar the most powerful model organism for genetic analysis of woody plant growth, adaptation, and development.

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A sequence mutation in the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene associated with altered lignification in loblolly pine

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Association Genetics in Pinus taeda L. I. Wood Property Traits

Association Genetics in Pinus taeda L. I. Wood Property Traits

Genomics, Domestication, and Evolution of Forest Trees

Transformation as a Tool for Genetic Analysis in Populus

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