A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor based on the conducting polymer composite with a palladium complex (Pd(C2H4N2S2)2) was developed for the detection of serotonin and dopamine simultaneously in the breast cancer cell and human plasma samples. The proposed sensor was fabricated using the Pd(C2H4N2S2)2 complex‐anchored poly2,2 : 5,2‐terthiophene‐3‐(p‐benzoic acid) (pTBA) layer on the AuNPs decorated reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@rGO) substrate, which revealed the enhanced anodic current of the target species. The sensor probe was characterized by electrochemical and surface analysis methods. The experimental parameters affecting the sensor performance were optimized, in terms of AuNPs@rGO concentration, the number of electropolymerization cycle for pTBA, immobilization time of Pd(C2H4N2S2)2, and pH. The dynamic ranges for serotonin and dopamine were obtained from 0.02 to 200 μM, and from 0.1 to 200 μM with the detection limit of 2.5, and 24.0 nM, respectively. The reliability of proposed sensor was evaluated using cancer cell lines for the clinical applications.

Performance Improvement of Acid Pretreated 3D‐printing Composite for the Heavy Metal Ions Analysis

“…Scheme 1 shows the fabrication process of the 3D‐printed PLA/Gr/GO electrode. The GO was prepared by adjusting the amount of oxidizing agent and reaction time to synthesize nano‐sized GO particles [23]. Prior to adding GO to the PLA and graphite composite, it was pre‐heated at 200 °C for two hours to avoid the bubble formation during printing.…”

Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for the Aqueous Detection of Biologically Relevant Molecules

“…Chung et al designed a DA and SER sensor based on palladium complex Pd(C 2 H 4 N 2 S 2 ) 2 anchored to poly-2,2:5,2-terthiophene-3-(p-benzoic acid) on AuNPs decorated reduced graphene oxide substrates (AuNPs@rGO/pTBA-Pd(C 2 H 4 N 2 S 2 ) 2 ) [ 142 ]. After drop-casting AuNPs@rG onto a screen-printed carbon electrode, pTBA was electrodeposited over the modified working electrode by CV.…”

“…This sensor allowed the simultaneous detection of SER and DA displaying a LOD of 0.1 µM and linear range of 1 to 10 µM for SER by employing DVP in PBS solution at pH 7.4. [142]. After drop-casting AuNPs@rG onto a screen-printed carbon electrode, pTBA was electrodeposited over the modified working electrode by CV.…”

Catalytic SrMoO4 nanoparticles and conducting polymer composite sensor for monitoring of K+-induced dopamine release from neuronal cells

“…27,28 The electrochemical monitoring of DA aspires durable, sensitive, and easy to synthesize electrode materials to achieve highly selective sensors. [29][30][31] In the present study, we firstly prepared an octahedron-like SrMoO 4 nanostructure incorporated into a p-benzoic acid-2,2 0 :5 0 ,2 00 -terthiophene (TBA) polymer (pTBA/SrMoO 4 ) formed on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. Polymer-supported strong adhesion was attained through the coordination between SrMoO 4 and carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups of pTBA.…”