A Sensor for Selective Dopamine Determination Based on Overoxidized Poly‐1,5‐Diaminonaphthalene on Graphene Nanosheets

Abstract

An effective nanocomposite sensor for selective electroanalytical dopamine (DA) determination using overoxidized conducting polymer of poly‐1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (OPoly‐1,5‐DAN) functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNS) was achieved. The OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS nanocomposite polymer was prepared via an electropolymerization of 1,5‐DAN on GNS/GCE after 7 cycles of potential scan (−0.2 V to +0.9 V), followed by an electrooveroxidation of the nanocomposite Poly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS by the potential cycle (0.0 V to +1.8 V) for 2 scans. The OPoly‐1,5‐DAN was effectively designed by GNS as a uniformly distribution of nanocomposite that caused more accumulations of analyte due to large electrocatalytic active positions created on electrode surface. The high specific and sensitive performance of the OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS nanocomposite polymer was conducted to greater effective electrons transferring behavior for DA with copresent of vitamin C (VC). The stable and suitable formation of OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS nanocomposite polymer showed rapid charge transport voltammogram and obvious electrocatalytic activity to DA and eliminated VC response. Moreover, the OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS displays an excellent responses to DA determination with wide linear range (LR) 1.0–150 μM and lower detection limit (DL) 8.82±0.1 nM as comparing with other studies. Additionally, the excellent reproducibility of OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS as well as long‐term stability indicated that it is an excellent and effective electrochemical DA sensor. Finally, the electroanalytical application of the OPoly‐1,5‐DAN/GNS nanocomposite polymer was employed for the electroanalysis of DA in human urine.