A sensor based on high-sensitivity multi-pass resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy for detection of hydrogen sulfide

Zhang, Mingke; Gao, Guangzhen; Jiang, Yuhao; Wang, Xuan; Long, Fangyu; Cai, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108884

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…should be used for the substitution of the symbol r v, t used in Equation (8). In Equation ( 9), η is the gas viscosity.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above formula clearly indicates that the properties of the cell strongly affect the sensitivity of the setup and that an increase in the photoacoustic signal can be obtained by using the resonance PA cell with possibly a high Q-factor, developing the cell in such a way that its volume V is kept small or working with a relatively low modulation frequency f. That is why one of the most common approaches in the development of photoacoustic cells is the use of the Helmholtz resonance [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Although such acoustic structures have a relatively low Q, they allow for obtaining a very low volume and reasonable dimensions simultaneously with relatively low resonance frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although such acoustic structures have a relatively low Q, they allow for obtaining a very low volume and reasonable dimensions simultaneously with relatively low resonance frequencies. Photoacoustic cells with standing wave resonances [5][6][7][8][9] usually have a relatively high resonance frequency due to the fact that the length λ of the acoustic wave directly depends on the frequency:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shaping of the Frequency Response of Photoacoustic Cells with Multi-Cavity Structures

Porakowski,

Starecki

2024

Electronics

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In the great majority of cases, the design of resonant photoacoustic cells is based on the use of resonators excited at the frequencies of their main resonances. This work presents a solution in which the use of a multi-cavity structure with the appropriate selection of the mechanical parameters of the cavities and the interconnecting ducts allows for the shaping of the frequency response of the cell. Such solutions may be particularly useful when the purpose of the designed cells is operation at multiple frequencies, e.g., in applications with the simultaneous detection of multiple gaseous compounds. The concept is tested with cells made using 3D printing technology. The measured frequency responses of the tested cells show very good agreement with the simulation results. This allows for an approach in which the development of a cell with the desired frequency response can be initially based on modeling, without the need for the time-consuming and expensive process of manufacturing and measuring numerous modifications of the cell.

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“…should be used for the substitution of the symbol r v, t used in Equation (8). In Equation ( 9), η is the gas viscosity.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shaping of the Frequency Response of Photoacoustic Cells with Multi-Cavity Structures

Porakowski,

Starecki

2024

Electronics

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“…A near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) laser and a resonant photoacoustic cell (PAC) were adopted to measure H 2 S in the N 2 background, in which all acoustic sensing elements were electric microphones. The detection limits of 140 ppb and 0.68 ppm were reached with the integration time of 1 and 10 s, respectively. Nevertheless, the use of electrical microphones − in PAS has the defect of electromagnetic interference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ultrahigh Sensitive Trace Gas Sensing System with Dual Fiber-Optic Cantilever Multiplexing-Based Differential Photoacoustic Detection

Zhao,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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An ultrahigh sensitive trace gas sensing system was presented with dual cantilever-based differential photoacoustic detection. By combining the double enhancement of multipass absorption and optical differential detection, the gas detection sensitivity was significantly improved. The dualchannel synchronous photoacoustic detection was realized by fiber-optic Fabry−Perot interference spectrum multiplexing. The photoacoustic signals detected by two fiber-optic cantilever microphones installed in a differential photoacoustic cell (DPAC) were out of phase, while the detected gas flow noises were in phase. The optical differential detection method achieved both highly sensitive optical interference measurement and differential noise suppression. In the multipass configuration, the interaction path between excitation light and target gas achieved 4.1 m, which improved the photoacoustic signal by an order of magnitude compared with a single reflection. The maximum gas flow allowed by the system based on the DPAC was 250 sccm, which realized the dynamic monitoring of H 2 S in the SF 6 background. The detection limit for H 2 S in SF 6 background was 5.1 ppb, which corresponds to the normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9 × 10 −10 cm −1 W Hz −1/2 .

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“…A common solution used to increase the photoacoustic signal level, and, thus, to improve the sensitivity of the setup, is the implementation of the photoacoustic cells as resonant cells with standing acoustic waves or a Helmholtz resonance [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In the case of photoacoustic cells with standing wave resonances [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], the resonance frequency is usually relatively high. This results from the fact that the length λ of the acoustic wave is determined by the following formula:

where…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of a Symmetrical Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell Operating with Imbalanced Counterphase Light Stimulation

Starecki,

Pietrzak,

Ścisłowski

2023

Sensors

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The output signal from a photoacoustic cell based on a symmetrical Helmholtz resonator structure can be substantially increased if a counterphase light stimulation is applied to the cell cavities. However even slight differences in the intensity of the light beams irradiating the cavities may affect the frequency response of the cell and the output signal level. This paper shows the influence of the imbalanced light irradiation on the properties of such a cell. It was found that even at relatively high irradiation mismatch, and even with the photoacoustic signal detection implemented with a single microphone, the influence of the irradiation imbalance on the frequency response of the cell around the resonance frequency is not critical. In the case of differential detection of the photoacoustic signal, the imbalance of the light irradiation does not affect the frequency response of the cell, but only the output signal level.

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A sensor based on high-sensitivity multi-pass resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy for detection of hydrogen sulfide

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Shaping of the Frequency Response of Photoacoustic Cells with Multi-Cavity Structures

Shaping of the Frequency Response of Photoacoustic Cells with Multi-Cavity Structures

Ultrahigh Sensitive Trace Gas Sensing System with Dual Fiber-Optic Cantilever Multiplexing-Based Differential Photoacoustic Detection

Properties of a Symmetrical Photoacoustic Helmholtz Cell Operating with Imbalanced Counterphase Light Stimulation

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