A sensitivity function-based conjugate gradient method for optical tomography with the frequency-domain equation of radiative transfer

Region-based reconstruction method for fluorescent molecular tomography

“…An alternative simplification approach is the diffusion approximation [12]. The diffusion equation approximates the photon propagation under the assumption that scatter dominates over absorption [13]. The generation and propagation of fluorescence light through highly scattering is often modeled by a pair of partial differential equations.…”

Optical properties reconstruction using the adjoint method based on the radiative transfer equation

“…Different forms of the RTE have been used in DOT. The frequency-domain (FD) approach [15,16,17,18,19,20,21] is the most widely employed, since it is a good trade-off between time-domain [22,23,24] and steady-state domain [25]. Moreover, the FD approach provides additional information (phase shift) compared to the steady-state modality and avoids the technical limitations of the experimental setup for time-domain often expensive.…”

“…Moreover, the FD approach provides additional information (phase shift) compared to the steady-state modality and avoids the technical limitations of the experimental setup for time-domain often expensive. In addition, the use of FD data allows to better separate the optical properties than the steady-state data by reducing the crosstalk issue when simultaneous estimation is applied [16]. Another challenging task still remains in DOT: the inverse problem.…”

“…Most of the time, the OF is the least-square error norm between the measured and the predicted data calculated by the forward model. Gradient-based algorithms are commonly used as optimization methods [13,16,26], which employ the gradient of the OF with respect to the optical parameters to find the minimum. These methods proved to be efficient and robust in DOT [24].…”

Evaluation of radiances generated by solving the radiative-transfer equation with different approaches

“…The formulation and solution of direct and inverse radiative transfer problems are directly related to several relevant applications in a large number of areas of scientific and technological interest such as tomography (Kim and Charette, 2007;Carita Montero et al, 2004), remote sensing and environmental sciences (Spurr et al, 2007;Verhoef and Bach, 2003;Hanan, 2001;Fause et al, 2001), and radiative properties estimation (Sousa et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2002), among many others.…”