A Sensitive Method for the Quantification of Acrolein and Other Volatile Carbonyls in Ambient Air

Seaman, Vincent; Charles, M. Judith; Cahill, Thomas M.

doi:10.1021/ac051947s

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…MG and acetaldehyde have been observed in both marine and continental environments (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The gas-phase MG, acetaldehyde, and particle concentrations used in the experiments described above exceed typical atmospheric concentrations [ , 8 ppb acetaldehyde) with a 5-h residence time showed a depression in critical activation diameters by 6.01 ± 0.02% at the supersaturations studied (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surfactants from the gas phase may promote cloud droplet formation

Sareen

Schwier

Lathem

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

128

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Clouds, a key component of the climate system, form when water vapor condenses upon atmospheric particulates termed cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Variations in CCN concentrations can profoundly impact cloud properties, with important effects on local and global climate. Organic matter constitutes a significant fraction of tropospheric aerosol mass, and can influence CCN activity by depressing surface tension, contributing solute, and influencing droplet activation kinetics by forming a barrier to water uptake. We present direct evidence that two ubiquitous atmospheric trace gases, methylglyoxal (MG) and acetaldehyde, known to be surface-active, can enhance aerosol CCN activity upon uptake. This effect is demonstrated by exposing acidified ammonium sulfate particles to 250 parts per billion (ppb) or 8 ppb gas-phase MG and/or acetaldehyde in an aerosol reaction chamber for up to 5 h. For the more atmospherically relevant experiments, i.e., the 8-ppb organic precursor concentrations, significant enhancements in CCN activity, up to 7.5% reduction in critical dry diameter for activation, are observed over a timescale of hours, without any detectable limitation in activation kinetics. This reduction in critical diameter enhances the apparent particle hygroscopicity up to 26%, which for ambient aerosol would lead to cloud droplet number concentration increases of 8-10% on average. The observed enhancements exceed what would be expected based on Köhler theory and bulk properties. Therefore, the effect may be attributed to the adsorption of MG and acetaldehyde to the gas-aerosol interface, leading to surface tension depression of the aerosol. We conclude that gas-phase surfactants may enhance CCN activity in the atmosphere.atmospheric chemistry | VOCs | indirect effect T he reactive uptake of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by wet aerosols is a potentially important source of organic matter (OM) (1-3). The α-dicarbonyl species glyoxal and methylglyoxal (MG), along with acetaldehyde and other carbonylcontaining species, belong to this class; they are absorbed by wet aerosol particles (or cloud droplets) and undergo aqueous phase reactions to form low-volatility secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (2, 4-6). The impacts of these processes on aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and cloud droplet formation are highly uncertain at this time. Few studies have focused on the impact of SOA generated in the aqueous phase on aerosol CCN activity (7-9). It was recently shown that the formation of SOA via the condensation of low-volatility VOC oxidation products, which are generally less hygroscopic than deliquescent inorganic salts, can affect the CCN activity of the seed aerosol (10-15). SOA generated through aqueous-phase chemistry is likely to be highly oxygenated and surface-active, hence making it strongly CCN-active (6,16,17). Some of the VOC precursors themselves, including MG and acetaldehyde, are also surface-active (6,16,17).We studied the changes in the CCN activity of acidified ammonium sulfate seed aerosol...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Surfactants from the gas phase may promote cloud droplet formation

Sareen

Schwier

Lathem

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

128

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“…Acrolein could be detrimental to wine quality. Besides being a toxic compound (Esterbauer et al 1991;Seaman et al 2006), acrolein is associated with bitterness in wine when it reacts with wine phenolics (Sponholz 1993). However, acrolein is not regarded as a product of glycerol metabolism (Sobolov and Smiley 1960).…”

Section: Glycerol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus: the Next Generation of Malolactic Fermentation Starter Cultures—an Overview

Toit

Engelbrecht

Lerm

et al. 2010

Food Bioprocess Technol

202

144

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“…The reason that PFBHA-derivative samples are collected directly below the chamber (and not in the laboratory) is that polar compounds can be lost in sample lines. Moreover, direct analysis of carbonyl-compounds by GCMS can be unreliable, while numerous studies have used PFBHA to great effect (Ebersviller et al, 2012a;Seaman et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2005Liu et al, , 1999aYu et al, 1997).…”

Section: Creation and Consistency Of Urban-like Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous VOCs rapidly modify particulate matter and its biological effects – Part 2: Complex urban VOCs and model PM

et al. 2012

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Abstract. This is the second study in a three-part study designed to demonstrate dynamic entanglements among gaseous organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and their subsequent potential biological effects. We study these entanglements in increasingly complex VOC and PM mixtures in urban-like conditions in a large outdoor chamber, both in the dark and in sunlight. To the traditional chemical and physical characterizations of gas and PM, we added new measurements of gas-only-and PM-onlybiological effects, using cultured human lung cells as model living receptors. These biological effects are assessed here as increases in cellular damage or expressed irritation (i.e., cellular toxic effects) from cells exposed to chamber air relative to cells exposed to clean air. Our exposure systems permit side-by-side, gas-only-and PM-only-exposures from the same air stream containing both gases and PM in equilibria, i.e., there are no extractive operations prior to cell exposure for either gases or PM.In Part 1 (Ebersviller et al., 2012a), we demonstrated the existence of PM "effect modification" (NAS, 2004) for the case of a single gas-phase toxicant and an inherently nontoxic PM (mineral oil aerosol, MOA). That is, in the presence of the single gas-phase toxicant in the dark, the initially non-toxic PM became toxic to lung cells in the PM-onlybiological exposure system. In this Part 2 study, we used sunlit-reactive systems to create a large variety of gas-phase toxicants from a complex mixture of oxides of nitrogen and 54 VOCs representative of those measured in US city air. In these mostly day-long experiments, we have designated the period in the dark just after injection (but before sunrise) as the "Fresh" condition and the period in the dark after sunset as the "Aged" condition. These two conditions were used to expose cells and to collect chemical characterization samples. We used the same inherently non-toxic PM from the Part 1 study as the target PM for "effect modification". Fortunately, in the absence of "seed particles", the complex highly-reactive VOC system used does not create any secondary aerosol in situ. All PM present in these tests were, therefore, introduced by injection of MOA to serve as PM-to-be-modified by the gaseous environment. PM addition was only done during dark periods, either before or after the daylight period. The purpose of this design is to test if a non-toxic PM becomes toxic in initially unreacted ("Fresh"), or in reacted ("Aged") complex VOC conditions. To have a complete design, we also tested the effects of clean air and the same VOC conditions, but without introducing any PM. Thus, there were six exposure treatment conditions that were evaluated with the side-by-side, gas-only-and PMonly-effects exposure systems; five separate chamber experiments were performed: two with clean air and three with the complex VOC/NO x mixture.For all of these experiments and exposures, chemical composition data and matching biological effects results for two end-points were compared. Chemic...

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A Sensitive Method for the Quantification of Acrolein and Other Volatile Carbonyls in Ambient Air

Cited by 59 publications

References 47 publications

Surfactants from the gas phase may promote cloud droplet formation

Surfactants from the gas phase may promote cloud droplet formation

Lactobacillus: the Next Generation of Malolactic Fermentation Starter Cultures—an Overview

Gaseous VOCs rapidly modify particulate matter and its biological effects – Part 2: Complex urban VOCs and model PM

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