A sensitive determination method for carbendazim and thiabendazole in apples by solid-phase microextraction−high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract

A new analytical method for the determination of carbendazim (MBC) and thiabendazole (TBZ) in apples is reported, based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupling HPLC with fluorescence detection. The main SPME and HPLC experimental conditions were optimized. The apples were first blended and centrifuged. Then, an aliquot of the resulting solution was subjected to SPME on a 60 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibre for 35 min at room temperature with the solution being stirred at 1100 rev min(-1). The extracted pesticides on the SPME fibre were desorbed in the mobile phase into the SPME/HPLC interface for HPLC analysis. The method was linear over the range 0.01-1 mg kg(-1) in apples for both MBC and TBZ, with detection limits of 0.005 and 0.003 mg kg(-1) and correlation coefficients of 0.9995 and 0.9998, respectively. The average recoveries for MBC and TBZ were 91.5 and 92.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 4.7 and 4.1% at the 0.1 mg kg(-1) level, and 94.6 and 96.1% with RSD of 3.3 and 3.8% at the 0.5 mg kg(-1) level, respectively. The method is simple, sensitive, organic solvent-free and is suitable for the determination of MBC and TBZ in apples.

Recent achievements and applications of solid – phase microextraction in pesticide residues analysis in food

“…Maximum selectivity at pH 5.5 for the determination of pesticides residues in tea was obtained by Wu et al, 2010. pH adjustment in SPME for the determination of pesticide residues in apples showed no significant influence on the extraction efficiency (Hu et al, 2008).…”

“…The most frequently used desorptive technique in SPME for pesticide residues analysis is thermal desorption, especially in a combination with GC. Liquid desorption was used in the combination with HPLC (Sagratini et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2008;Blasco et al, 2011;Melo et al, 2012;Song et al, 2013), capillary electrophoresis (Hernández-Borges et al, 2005) and MEKC (Ravelo-Pérez et al, 2007). Despite, the use of liquid desorption with subsequent GC-MS analysis was reported (Bagheri et al, 2012).…”

“…Liquid desorption of analytes was performed using methanol (Ravelo-Peréz et al, 2007;Song et al, 2013), methanol in combination with water (Sagratini et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2008;Melo et al, 2012), and acetonitrile (Bagheri et al, 2012). Hu et al, 2008 performed liquid desorption using mobile phase (methanol:water, 50 : 50, v/v) as the desorption solvent for 5 min.…”

“…Hu et al, 2008 performed liquid desorption using mobile phase (methanol:water, 50 : 50, v/v) as the desorption solvent for 5 min. Liquid desorption using mixture methanol:water (70 : 30) for 15 min was performed by work Blasco et al, 2011.…”

Benzimidazole Fungicides in Environmental Samples: Extraction and Determination Procedures

“…Numerous analytical methods have been reported for quantitation of benzimidazole fungicides in different matrices based on spectrophotometry (Chiba, 1977), fluorimetry Cuesta et al 2003), phosphorimetry (Salinas y et al 2005), electrochemical (Huebra et al 2000), enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (Itak et al 1993), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Lesueur et al 2008), although is routinely carried out by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (Melo et al 2005;Singh et al 2007;Prousalis et al 2004), fluorescence (Moral et al 2006;Hu et al 2008), and mass spectrometry (Radisic et al 2009) detectors. These methods have many advantages of high sensitivity and accuracy and some of them have been adopted by regulatory agencies.…”