A sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycoside, terpene lactones, and biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves

Wang, Litao; Fan, Xiao-Hong; Jian, Yue; Dong, Mingzhu; Meng, Dong; Fu, Yujie

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.058

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, whole leaves are used to determine the content of terpene trilactones in G. biloba [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], but we do not fully know the details of these analyses. However, the results of the present study showed that the total content of terpene trilactones is much higher in leaf blades than in petioles, while the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in leaf blades are not different from those in petioles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaves of G. biloba contain numerous phenolic acids, such as caffeic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and chlorogenic acid [ 10 , 11 ]. The composition of terpene trilactones in G. biloba leaves has been shown to be dependent on the harvest date, growing location [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and certain stresses [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Inoue et al [ 19 ] reported that contents of ginkgolides A, B, and C in green leaves collected in August were much higher than those in fallen yellow leaves collected in November.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

et al. 2021

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The present study compared the effects of natural senescence and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) treatment on the levels of terpene trilactones (TTLs; ginkgolides and bilobalide), phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the primary organs of Ginkgo biloba leaves, leaf blades, and petioles. Levels of the major TTLs, ginkgolides B and C, were significantly higher in the leaf blades of naturally senesced yellow leaves harvested on 20 October compared with green leaves harvested on 9 September. In petioles, a similar effect was found, although the levels of these compounds were almost half as high. These facts indicate the importance of the senescence process on TTL accumulation. Some flavonoids and phenolic acids also showed changes in content related to maturation or senescence. Generally, the application of JA-Me slightly but substantially increased the levels of TTLs in leaf blades irrespective of the difference in its application side on the leaves. Of the flavonoids analyzed, levels of quercetin, rutin, quercetin-4-glucoside, apigenin, and luteolin were dependent on the JA-Me application site, whereas levels of (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin were not. Application of JA-Me increased ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid esters in the petiole but decreased the levels of these compounds in the leaf blade. The content of p-coumaric acid glycosides and caffeic acid esters was only slightly modified by JA-Me. In general, JA-Me application affected leaf senescence by modifying the accumulation of ginkogolides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These effects were also found to be different in leaf blades and petioles. Based on JA-Me- and aging-related metabolic changes in endogenous levels of the secondary metabolites in G. biloba leaves, we discussed the results of study in the context of basic research and possible practical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

et al. 2021

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“…The predominant flavonol aglycones in the glycosides are quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin, but also syringetin, myricetin, laricitrin, myricetin 3’,4’-dimethyl-ether, and patuletin were also found [ 18 ]. According to Wang et al [ 33 ], the predominant compounds in ginkgo leaves during the different harvesting periods were flavonol glycosides, especially kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3- O -rutinoside. Other glycosides present in ginkgo are derivatives of flavones (mainly apigenin and luteolin), flavanones, isoflavones and flavan-3-ols [ 18 ].…”

Section: Phytochemicals In Ginkgomentioning

confidence: 99%

Biflavonoids: Important Contributions to the Health Benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

Šamec

Karalija

Dahija

et al. 2022

Plants

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Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the most distinctive plants, characterized by excellent resistance to various environmental conditions. It is used as an ornamental plant and is recognized as a medicinal plant in both traditional and Western medicine. Its bioactive potential is associated with the presence of flavonoids and terpene trilactones, but many other compounds may also have synergistic effects. Flavonoid dimers—biflavonoids—are important constituents of ginkgophytopharmaceuticals. Currently, the presence of 13 biflavonoids has been reported in ginkgo, of which amentoflavone, bilobetin, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin and isoginkgetin are the most common. Their role in plants remains unknown, but their bioactivity and potential role in the management of human health are better investigated. In this review, we have provided an overview of the chemistry, diversity and biological factors that influence the presence of biflavonoids in ginkgo, as well as their bioactive and health-related properties. We have focused on their antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities as well as their potential role in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlighted their potential toxicity and pointed out further research directions.

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“…Modern pharmacological research have shown that flavonol glycosides are considered as the main bioactive components in EGB, which exhibit remarkable biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [1,8,9]. Nowadays, the analysis and study of prototype flavonol glycosides have received increasing attention [10][11][12][13]. Especially, China Pharmacopoeia 2020 added the chemical fingerprint analysis with 17 common peaks using rutin (a representative prototype flavonol glycoside) as reference to holistically control the quality of EGB [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target profiling of flavonol glycosides in the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf and their pharmacokinetics in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Wen

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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The extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf is a popular herbal product or dietary supplement in the world to treat various diseases, and flavonol glycosides are considered as the main bioactive constituents. In this study, 37 flavonol glycosides were rapidly screened out by precursor ion scanning in positive ion mode with production ions at m/z 287.05, 303.05, and 317.06. Subsequently, a reliable and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry approach was established and validated to quantify the 20 prototype flavonol glycosides in rat plasma. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9894) over the corresponding concentration range. The precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were also satisfactory. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of prototype flavonol glycosides in rat after oral administration of the extract of G. biloba leaf. As a result, the Tmax of flavonol glycosides was short at 0.11–0.60 h. Quercetin‐3‐O‐(2“,6″‐di‐O‐rhamnosyl)‐glucoside, kaempferol‐3‐O‐(2′',6′'‐di‐O‐rhamnosyl)‐glucoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, quercetin‐ 3‐O‐glucosyl‐(1‐2)‐O‐rhamnoside, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside presented relatively high systemic exposure levels with AUC0‐∞ > 500 μg h/L and Cmax > 100 μg/L. This study would provide the valuable information for further scientific research and clinical application of the extract of G. biloba leaf.

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A sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycoside, terpene lactones, and biflavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

Biflavonoids: Important Contributions to the Health Benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

Target profiling of flavonol glycosides in the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaf and their pharmacokinetics in rat plasma by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

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