A Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Berberine Chloride Based on the Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Perylene Diimide in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Developing a rapid and simple method for the detection of berberine chloride (BBC), one kind of natural antibiotic, is significant to ensure reasonable control and administration of antibiotic residues in food and other feed. In this report, a sensitive and selective fluorescent probe based on a water-soluble perylene diimide derivative (PDI-Asp) has been screened for the detection of berberine chloride (BBC). The sensing performance and mechanism of this probe were systematically investigated by using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Meanwhile, the influencing factors of probe structures on the sensing performance were also addressed. It was identified that the formation of supramolecular complex between BBC and PDI-Asp through synergy of electrostatic and π–π interactions promoted a rapid and fluorometric assay for BBC in 100% aqueous systems. The detection limit for BBC was found to be as low as 28 nmol/L. Finally, PDI-Asp was a highly promising fluorometric probe for the direct determination of BBC in practical samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PDI-based probe for detecting small biomolecules in pure aqueous solution. We believe that this approach will not only extend the sensing scope of PDIs but also contribute to understanding the mechanism of the interaction between BBC and PDIs, and it will provide some useful information for the design of PDI-based probes for other small biomolecules.

Determination of Ag[I] and NADH Using Single-Molecule Conductance Ratiometric Probes

“…To evaluate the sensing platform’s sensitivity, we estimated the limit of detection (LOD), which is the minimum concentration that can differentiate the targets from the samples. Considering that the quantification was based on the counting number of TMB/oxTMB traces, we determined the LOD using the defined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that examines the ratio of the peak height of the molecule’s conductance to that of the blank solution (only buffer). , To obtain the LODs, we perform a series of experiments using different concentrations of the TMB and oxTMB in solution. As shown in Figure a, we constructed the 1D conductance histograms of oxTMB ranging from 3 zM to 3 nM and the blank solution by plotting the logarithmic conductance against the counts per trace.…”

Controlled Aggregation of a Perylene-Derived Probe for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Phototherapy

“…In addition, we also mixed a polyanion [poly­(isobutylene- alt -maleic acid, sodium salt) co-(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)] with the positively charged probe in dimethylformamide; the results clearly show that the polyelectrolyte can induce strong probe aggregation and the fluorescence was almost quenched completely, indicating that the fluorescence enhancement was mainly caused by nanoparticle disaggregation (Figure S13). ,,− …”

A fluorometric and colorimetric approach for the rapid detection of berberine hydrochloride based on an anionic polythiophene derivative

“…It is noted that the ammonium group in BRH acts as a hard acid and carboxylate is a hard base, therefore there is a strong electrostatic interaction between the quaternary ammonium group and the carboxylate group. [ 24 ] The secondary interactions including π–π stacking and hydrophobic interactions will be stimulated and enhanced by the strong primary driving force, thereby promoting the formation of π‐stacked PTMA aggregates. [ 50,51 ] In addition, stoichiometry of the complex formation was also carried out on continuous‐absorption plots from the UV–visible spectrum.…”

“…To date, several methods have been explored for quantification of BRH, including resonance light scattering spectrometry (RLS), [ 14 ] chemiluminescence, [ 15,16 ] high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [ 17,18 ] capillary electrophoresis, [ 19,20 ] electrochemical analysis, [ 21 ] and optical detection based on nanoparticles or conjugated materials. [ 22–25 ] Among the various strategies mentioned above, optical assays based on synthetic colorimetric and fluorescent probes have received considerable attention due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. [ 26–31 ] Furthermore, optical measurement methods avoid some of the drawbacks of other detection methods including expensive equipment and complicated operations.…”