A semiempirical dynamic model of reversible open circuit voltage drop in a PEM fuel cell

Hu, Zunyan; Xu, Liangfei; Song, Ziyou; Li, Jianqiu; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1002/er.4127

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The authors found that both factors were significant, with the oxide formation accounting for a potential drop three to four times that of the crossover. Hu et al 11 developed a semi-empirical model to account for the drop in OCV observed upon start up in a fuel cell bus. The model assumed that oxide formation and hydrogen crossover contribute to the OCV with the dynamic behavior being caused by changes in the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) from further oxide formation and platinum dissolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study on the Impact of Cathode Catalyst Layer Loading on the Open Circuit Voltage in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Moore

Shukla

Voß

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The open circuit voltage (OCV) in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is typically recorded as being approximately 300 mV lower than the equilibrium voltage computed by the Nernst equation. While a number of causes have been proposed, the voltage drop is generally attributed to the oxidation of crossover hydrogen in the cathode. A single phase, through-the-channel model is presented that includes hydrogen transport across the membrane, an empirical model for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) fit to experimental data obtained at high potentials and a multi-step kinetic model to describe the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Model predictions were compared to experimentally obtained OCVs and the results show that the model is capable of capturing the experimentally observed changes in OCV with platinum loading, as well as fuel cell performance; and that, at low Pt loadings, small quantities of unreacted hydrogen leave the cathode because the HOR is kinetically limited by oxide blocking and anion adsorption. A parametric study is used to show that a minimum OCV is achieved at ultra-low loadings. Results also show that only a multi-step ORR model can simultaneously capture polarization data and the OCV.

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confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study on the Impact of Cathode Catalyst Layer Loading on the Open Circuit Voltage in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Moore

Shukla

Voß

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The difference between the theoretical open circuit voltage (OCV), E, calculated with Equation (2) and experimental OCV, U OCV exp , is considered to be caused by two different drops in potential [53][54][55]. A first voltage drop, ∆U OCV Pt−O 2 , is associated with the Pt-O 2 reaction mechanism at the cathode electrode in an oxygen saturated acidic solution.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Polarization Profiles And Overall Power Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A first voltage drop, ∆U OCV Pt−O 2 , is associated with the Pt-O 2 reaction mechanism at the cathode electrode in an oxygen saturated acidic solution. When a PEM fuel cell starts from 0 V to OCV, an increase from 0% to 70% of the platinum surface fraction covered by PtO will be registered [54] /g) in such a way that an ECSA increasing will produce a decreasing of the two above mentioned voltage drops. The cyclic voltammetry investigations performed on the LIG-based MEA and CB-based MEA with results reported in a previous work [34] revealed an 18% and 25% increasing of the ECSA values for Test 1 and Test 3 operating conditions of the fuel cell containing LIG MEA.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Polarization Profiles And Overall Power Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exergetic Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell with Laser-Induced Graphene as the Microporous Layer

et al. 2021

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The microporous layer (MPL) constitutes a critical component of the gas diffusion layer within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC). The MPL plays a fundamental role in various processes during FC operation: control of membrane humidification, heat distribution throughout the MEA, excess water removal from the cathode, and transportation of fuel to the reaction sites. Previously, we investigated the performance of a fuel cell unit employing an MPL based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) produced by the laser pyrolysis of polymeric (polyimide) substrates. The prototype LIG-based unit was tested over the typical range of relative humidity and temperature conditions. The polarization curves observed in that study displayed broad ohmic loss regions and high stability along the concentration loss regions, an interesting electrical behavior that justified developing the present voltage-current density study for the same FC prototype compared to one bearing a commercial pyrolytic carbon black MPL. The same operating conditions as in the first study were applied, in order to properly compare the performance efficiencies between the two systems; these are evaluated by considering the thermodynamic losses influence on the exergy efficiency, to exceed any limitations inherent in the classical energy efficiency analysis.

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“…1 In particular, emission reduction from the automotive industry attracts great attention from governments and societies. Among all the possible solutions, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are regarded as a promising power source for commercial vehicles, [2][3][4] with advantages of high efficiency, zero-emission, low noise, short start time at low temperatures, and long driving distance. [5][6][7][8] Recently, with a rapid reduction of cost and improvement of performance, fuel cell technology again becomes a hotspot in the research of new energy vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

Liu

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Reducing the channel/rib width is a possible approach to improve the performance of fuel cells. However, few experiments were conducted to verify this claim, especially for channel/rib width of below 0.4 mm. In this study, we conducted quantitative analysis to investigate the influence of channel/rib geometries on the performance of fuel cells through experiments and model simulations. As the channel/rib width reduced from 1.0 to 0.2 mm, the fuel cell power density increased by 31% under high humidity condition. The influence of channel/rib width on overpotentials has also been revealed. Notably, narrow channels/ribs can lead to a significant reduction in mass transfer loss under high current density. Three‐dimensional simulation results suggest that the reduction of channel/rib width improves the uniformity of gas and water distribution under channels and ribs by 95%. This research provides a concrete foundation for the design of bipolar plates with high‐density flow channels for high‐power density fuel cells.

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A semiempirical dynamic model of reversible open circuit voltage drop in a PEM fuel cell

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

A Numerical Study on the Impact of Cathode Catalyst Layer Loading on the Open Circuit Voltage in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

A Numerical Study on the Impact of Cathode Catalyst Layer Loading on the Open Circuit Voltage in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Exergetic Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell with Laser-Induced Graphene as the Microporous Layer

A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

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