A Semi-Supervised Machine Learning Approach in Predicting High-Risk Pregnancies in the Philippines

Abstract

Early risk tagging is crucial in maternal health, especially because it threatens both the mother and the long-term development of the baby. By tagging high-risk pregnancies, mothers would be given extra care before, during, and after pregnancies, thus reducing the risk of complications. In the Philippines, where the fertility rate is high, especially among the youth, awareness of risks can significantly contribute to the overall outcome of the pregnancy and, to an extent, the Maternal mortality rate. Although supervised machine learning models have ubiquity as predictors, there is a gap when data are weak or scarce. Using limited collected data from the municipality of Daraga in Albay, the study first compared multiple supervised machine learning algorithms to analyze and accurately predict high-risk pregnancies. Through hyperparameter tuning, supervised learning algorithms such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes, and Multilayer Perceptron were evaluated by using 10-fold cross validation to obtain the best parameters with the best scores. The results show that Decision Tree bested other algorithms and attained a test score of 93.70%. To address the gap, a semi-supervised approach using a Self-Training model was applied to the modified Decision Tree, which was then used as the base estimator with a 30% unlabeled dataset and achieved a 97.01% accuracy rate which outweighs similar studies.

Risk prediction model based on machine learning for predicting miscarriage among pregnant patients with immune abnormalities

“…In studies about the prediction of miscarriage risk in women with immunologically abnormal pregnancies, various methods have been employed to investigate high-risk factors in pregnant women. However, there are still shortcomings in clinical practice, model performance evaluation, and the practical application of prediction tools, including application complexity ( Bruno et al, 2020 ; Benner et al, 2022 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Macrohon et al, 2022 ; Hao et al, 2023 ; Luo and Zhou, 2023 ). Additionally, there is a lack of studies conducting retrospective or prospective validation of pregnancy risk prediction models and evaluating the economic aspects of these models.…”

Prediction Models for Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The application of AI/ML/DL/EL/SSL methods has already shown remarkable performance in other fields of women health care [30][31][32], using different types of data such as clinical data, computed tomography (CT), cardiotocography (CTG), electromyography (EMG), genomic, metabolomic, biophysical, and biochemical data [33][34][35][36].…”