A semi-conductive organic cathode material enabled by extended conjugation for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries

Abstract

A semi-conductive organic cathode is proposed for aqueous Zn batteries. It realizes excellent electrochemical performance with low carbon additives.

Proton‐Conductive Supramolecular Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Superstructures for High‐Performance Zinc‐Organic Batteries

“…Of note, H + uptake leads to a large amount of ZHTS by‐product over HBOS surface. Despite the insulated property of ZHTS, it forms as interwoven flakes rather than uniformly dense films, [21b] which thus does not block the active sites and impede the redox kinetics of HBOS cathode during each round‐trip (dis)charge cycle. Importantly, Zn anode is not damaged by proton uptake/removal in HBOS cathode (Figure S33).…”

Triquinoxalinediol as organic cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…Among many types of organic cathode materials, the integration of quinone and pyrazine units shows the best characteristics in terms of high capacity and stability. 20,[22][23][24][25] In this work, we aimed to improve the characteristics of recently reported small organic cathode material hexaazatrinaphthalenequinone (HATNQ), which delivered a high specic capacity of 482.5 mA h g −1 . 20 HATNQ possesses three quinone and three pyrazine redox-active centers, which enable a theoretical capacity of 515 mA h g −1 (Fig.…”

Advances in organic cathode materials for aqueous multivalent metal-ion storage

“…11,[60][61][62] Compared with other aqueous multivalent metal-ion batteries, Zn-ion batteries have experienced a pioneering development in the past few years with the help of overwhelming experimental/theoretical studies, which can be attributed to the prominent Zn/Zn 2+ reversibility and advantageous electrochemical potential of À0.76 V vs. SHE in water-based electrolytes. 16,27,28,63,64 The relatively challenging development of Al/Ca/Mg-ion batteries is mainly hampered by high dissociation energy barriers of these multivalent metal ions. These bi-/tri-valent metal cations with high charge density have a strong coordination tendency with electrolyte species to yield large hydrated/complex charge carriers, whose intensive electrostatic interaction with cathode materials probably degrades the overall performances (transfer kinetics, capacity and cyclability) in the final devices.…”

“…Bipolar-type organic materials like conducting polymers owing to the combination of p-type and n-type functionalities and the characteristic long p-electron conjugated structures facilitate electron transfer. 28,63,[72][73][74] A polyaniline/nitrogen-doped carbon dodecahedron nanohybrid was developed as the cathode for stable Zn-ion storage, where strong hydrogen bond interactions between the N-doped carbon skeleton and its abundant pyrrolic-N groups could act as a coordinator to control the local protonation environment of polyaniline and thereby promote redox processes. 73 The resultant nanohybrid//Zn battery delivered a long-term cycle life (5000 turns) as well as a high capacity of 325 mA h g À1 @ 0.2 A g À1 .…”

“…Fig.8Chemical structure, LOL-p color-filled map, HOMO/LUMO energy, Tauc plots, EPR spectrum and current-voltage plot (reproduced with permission 63. Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry).…”