A semi-blind digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition

A Novel Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Reduced Singular Value Decomposition

“…Depending on whether it requires access to the original signal and/or the actual watermark, the scheme may be described as 'informed' or 'blind'. 'Semi-blind' schemes do not need the original signal or the actual watermark at the decode stage but instead require some other information related to the process [1].…”

“…As mentioned in Section II, the watermarking algorithms proposed in [4][5] cannot be applied directly to the RSVD of this input matrix because, as seen in (1) s 1,1 is the largest value in S and, when expanding the product it is only multiplied with the column elements u 1..p, 1 .This results in the most significant peaks within the reconstructed spectrum being determined by u 1..p,1 * s 1,1 * v 1,1..q . Even a minor alteration of any element in u 1..p,1 may therefore result in significant distortion when the time signal is resynthesized.…”

“…If A is an arbitrary matrix, with the Reduced SVD this matrix can be decomposed into three matrices as U, S, V, where U and V are orthogonal matrices with and (r is the rank of matrix A), and S is a diagonal matrix with positive elements and no non-zero elements [3]. The inverse of matrix A can then be constructed as (1) The SVD has been already been applied to digital image watermarking [4], [5], [6]. One particular digital image watermarking algorithm based on SVD has been proposed in [4].…”

A Hybridized Robust Watermarking Scheme based on Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform and Singular Value Decomposition using Genetic Algorithm

“…The watermark is usually a pseudo random number sequence, copyright messages and ownership logo. The two common methods used in watermarking are spatial and spectral domain.Algorithms in first category embed a watermark by modifying the pixel values of image and algorithms in the second category embed watermark in spectrum coefficients after the image has been transformed to spectrum domain such as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) [17,7,16,24] , Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) [18,31,4,5] Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) [27,34,19,8], and Discrete Wavelet Domain(DWT) [12],Complex Hadamard transform [9], Walsh-Hadamard transform [10,11]. The watermark is embedded in spectral coefficients and later inverse transform is used to get watermarked image.…”

Dwt-SVD Based Secured Image Watermarking for Copyright Protection Using Visual Cryptography

“…It is one of the most useful numerical analysis techniques having property that the singular values (SVs) of an image do not change significantly when a small perturbation is added to an image. [1][2][3][4] With the rapid development of internet technology, transmission of multimedia information over the Internet becomes convenient. While transmitting these data security of multimedia data is a prime concern.…”