A self-report measure for the ICD-11 dimensional trait model proposal: The Personality Inventory for ICD-11.

Abstract

Proposed for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is a dimensional trait model for the classification of personality disorder (Tyrer, Reed, & Crawford, 2015). The ICD-11 proposal consists of 5 broad domains: negative affective, detachment, dissocial, disinhibition, and anankastic (Mulder, Horwood, Tyrer, Carter, & Joyce, 2016). Several field trials have examined this proposal, yet none has included a direct measure of the trait model. The purpose of the current study was to develop and provide initial validation for the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), a self-report measure of this proposed 5-domain maladaptive trait model. Item selection and scale construction proceeded through 3 initial data collections assessing potential item performance. Two subsequent studies were conducted for scale validation. In Study 1, the PiCD was evaluated in a sample of 259 MTurk participants (who were or had been receiving mental health treatment) with respect to 2 measures of general personality structure: The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and the 5-Dimensional Personality Test. In Study 2, the PiCD was evaluated in an additional sample of 285 participants with respect to 2 measures of maladaptive personality traits: The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Computerized Adaptive Test for Personality Disorders. Study 3 provides an item-level exploratory structural equation model with the combined samples from Studies 1 and 2. The results are discussed with respect to the validity of the measure and the potential benefits for future research in having a direct, self-report measure of the ICD-11 trait proposal. (PsycINFO Database Record

Structure of DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 personality domains in Iranian community sample

“…Negative Affectivity with neuroticism, Detachment with low extraversion, Dissociality with low agreeableness, Disinhibition with low conscientiousness and Anankastia with high conscientiousness). Third, having three or four domains be unipolar with respect to maladaptive features and one be bipolar is inconsistent in structure and seems unnecessarily complex and confusing . The latter seems to be an important argument for a separate domain of Anankastia in ICD‐11, because ease of communication and understanding for clinicians throughout the world, including third‐world countries, is an essential point of emphasis in the development of ICD‐11 …”

“…To date, the ICD‐11 trait domains have partially been identified in preliminary research using SCID‐II criteria ratings, whereas the recently developed Personality Inventory for ICD‐11 has demonstrated promising features of measuring the proposed ICD‐11 domains. In the present study, the ICD‐11 domains were produced using an established algorithm for PID‐5, which has shown sound psychometric features across Danish and US samples (see Appendix 1 in Bach, Sellbom, Skjernov, & Simonsen), and relevant continuity with categorical PDs …”

The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders

“…Instead, in a third step, five trait domains (negative affectivity, dissociality, disinhibition, anankastia, and detachment) representing broad, heterogeneous constructs can be used to qualify the profile of the personality structure that underlies personality dysfunction. Thus, the ICD-11 proposal differs from the alternative model of Section III of DSM-5 , which uses traits as diagnostic criteria for the existing PD categories (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2017). While there are some strengths to the ICD-11 proposal, particularly that it appears to be simple to use and that it considers the measurement of severity (notwithstanding limitations outlined below), there are major limitations.…”

Mental health professionals' perceived clinical utility of the ICD‐10 vs. ICD‐11 classification of personality disorders

“…The empirical rationale for the ICD‐11 PD classification was informed by reviews of the literature on PD severity and traits . Moreover, a number of preliminary studies have sought to examine the new framework with regard to its reliability and validity …”