A Self‐Repairing Cathode Material for Lithium–Selenium Batteries: Se−C Chemically Bonded Selenium–Graphene Composite

Sha, Linna; Gao, Peng; Ren, Xiaochen; Chi, Qianqian; Chen, Yujin; Yang, Piaoping

doi:10.1002/chem.201704079

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…As for C 1s spectra of cycled MiC/Se cathode (Figure 6c,d), the relative intensity of the peak at 290.2 eV that corresponds to CSe bond is obviously increased, indicating that the interaction between Se atoms in chain‐like Se x molecules and C atoms in sp 2 framework of MiC substrate become stronger after one cycle. [ 23,45,46 ] Consistent with the C 1s spectra, an additional peak at 57.8 eV can be seen in Se 3d spectra due to the aforementioned CSe bond (Figure 6e). However, the C‐Se interaction in cycled MeC/Se cathode is greatly weaker than that of cycled MiC/Se cathode.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

Wang

Tan

Liu

et al. 2020

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increasing requirement of energy density. Among these alternatives to the conventional lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are of particular interest due to their high theoretical gravimetric energy density (2500 Wh kg −1 ) and natural abundance of sulfur. [1] Selenium (Se), as an element that also belongs to the chalcogen group in periodic table, has been recently proposed as a promising cathode material. [2][3][4][5] In spite of the lower theoretical gravimetric capacity of Se (675 mAh g −1 ), the volumetric capacity of Se (3253 mAh cm −3 ) is comparable to that of S (3467 mAh cm −3 ). Moreover, Se possesses an electronic conductivity that is ≈20 orders of magnitude higher than S, which enables a higher utilization rate, better kinetics and higher loading of active materials in electrode. These advantages make Se a promising candidate of cathode materials for high energy lithium battery.The Li-Se electrochemistry highly depends on the organic electrolyte. In ether-based electrolytes, the Se cathode operated via solidliquid-solid mechanism suffers from the dissolution of reaction intermediates-lithium polyselenide, resulting in the continuous leakage of active materials and shuttle reaction between cathode and anode. [4][5][6] Using the carbonate-based electrolytes that seldom dissolve lithium polyselenide intermediates is a potential strategy to address this problem occurred in Li-Se batteries. [7] However, because of the irreversible reactions between the nucleophilic long-chain polysulfide anions (Se 2− or Se 2− ) and carbonate molecules, the bulk Se cathode even prepared with nanostructured Se active materials is incompatible with these electrolytes. [5,8,9] Recently, it was found that the Se confined in CMK-3 matrix can perform well with carbonate electrolytes. [2] By forming the space-confined Se chains in pores of carbon hosts, the Se molecules can are directly converted to Li 2 Se without the lithium polyselenide intermediates. [10] Moreover, the terminal Se molecules in helical Se x are preferentially attacked by Li + , enabling a higher electrochemical activity than the ring structure. [11] Inspired by this work, various carbon hosts have also been demonstrated for Li-Se batteries. Compared to the mesoporous carbon/Se (MeC/Se) [12][13][14] and hierarchical porous carbon/Se cathodes, [15][16][17] the MiC/Se cathodes such as metal-organic framework-derived MiC, [18][19][20] graphitic MiC Embedding the fragmented selenium into the micropores of carbon host has been regarded as an effective strategy to change the Li-Se chemistry by a solid-solid mechanism, thereby enabling an excellent cycling stability in Li-Se batteries using carbonate electrolyte. However, the effect of spatial confinement by micropores in the electrochemical behavior of carbon/selenium materials remains ambiguous. A comparative study of using both microporous (MiC) and mesoporous carbons (MeC) with narrow pore size distribution as selenium hosts is herein reported. Systematic investigations reveal that the high Se ut...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

Wang

Tan

Liu

et al. 2020

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“…[ 33 ] Therefore, it can be concluded that the C−N heteroatomic coordination of PANi with the Se/C particles facilitates Li 2 Se n anchoring, and thus, a reversible electrochemical reaction between Se and Li, leading to enhanced capacity retention. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, lithium–selenium (Li–Se) batteries have been considered one of the promising next‐generation batteries not only because they offer a high energy density (2528 Wh L −1 ), which is higher than that of graphite–LiFePO 4 and comparable to that of Li–S batteries, but also because the active material, Se, has a higher electrical conductivity compared with S and LiFePO 4 (10 −3 S m −1 of Se vs 10 −28 S m −1 of S and 10 −7 S m −1 of LiFePO 4 ). [ 5,7,10–26 ] Therefore, a higher utilization of Se in LiBs provides a higher energy density in spite of the lower amount of conductive carbon. [ 12,20–22 ] Moreover, the compatibility of Se with low‐cost carbonate‐based electrolytes reduces costs and mitigates capacity decay, unlike in Li–S batteries where the nucleophilic reaction of carbonyl groups with S degrades the cell performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To mitigate the dissolution of lithium polyselenides, some strategies have been proposed such as doping heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen and sulfur) into the host carbon and/or fabricating micro‐ and mesoporous carbon. [ 10,12,14,17,20,21,26–28 ] Specifically, heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen)‐doped hierarchical porous carbon, [ 12 ] nitrogen‐doped ordered mesoporous carbon, [ 17 ] nanocellulose‐derived monolithic carbon, [ 20 ] and graphite platelet nanofibers [ 21 ] have been studied as carbon frameworks to confine Se species chemically/physically. These works focused on the electrostatic anchoring of lithium polyselenides onto heteroatomic bonds via polarization and the space confinement of Se, thus preventing the dissolution of lithium polyselenides into the electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Batteria Electrochemical Polymerization to Form a Protective Conducting Layer on Se/C Cathodes for High‐Performance Li–Se Batteries

Lee

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The lithium–selenium (Li–Se) battery is a promising energy storage system for portable devices owing to its high energy density (2528 Wh L−1) and electrical conductivity (10−3 S m−1). The main issue with Li–Se batteries is their poor stability originating from the dissolution of Se‐containing compounds. Hence, many studies have focused on the immobilization of Se using protective layers prepared via ex situ or in situ approaches. However, these strategies are too complicated and costly for practical use. Herein, a facile in batteria electrochemical treatment to form a protective conductive layer on a Se‐based cathode is introduced. Specifically, aniline monomers added to an assembled Li–Se cell are polymerized into electrically conductive polyaniline. The treated Li–Se cell exhibits 40% higher capacity retention compared to untreated one. Moreover, at a high rate (4 C), the treated cell maintains a capacity of 1538 mAh cm−3, whereas the untreated cell exhibits no capacity. The enhanced cyclic stability and rate capability are attributed to the electrochemical formation of a uniform, ultrathin (≤10 nm) polyaniline layer, to confine lithium polyselenides with its C−N bonds, and improve ionic conductivity by self‐doping with lithium salts to form delocalized polaron lattice in the polyaniline.

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“…As a low-temperature alloying method, ball-milling is highly efficient in preparing the alloys and composites [41][42][43][44][45][46]. As for the graphene based heterogeneous electrode materials, ball milling exhibited the advantages in the size/ layer reduction [47], interface-contact enhancement [48,49] as well as the low cost and time saving [50].…”

Section: Strategies For the Assembly 21 Ball-millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Heterogeneous Electrodes for Energy Storage

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2018

Graphene [Working Title]

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As an intriguing two dimensional material, graphene has attracted intense interest due to its high stability, large carrier mobility as well as the excellent conductivity. The addition of graphene into the heterogeneous electrodes has been proved to be an effective method to improve the energy storage performance. In this chapter, the latest graphene based heterogeneous electrodes will be fully reviewed and discussed for energy storage. In detail, the assembly methods, including the ball-milling, hydrothermal, electrospinning, and microwave-assisted approaches will be illustrated. The characterization techniques, including the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy will also be presented. The mechanisms behind the improved performance will also be fully reviewed and demonstrated. A conclusion and an outlook will be given in the end of this chapter to summarize the recent advances and the future opportunities, respectively.

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A Self‐Repairing Cathode Material for Lithium–Selenium Batteries: Se−C Chemically Bonded Selenium–Graphene Composite

Cited by 56 publications

References 43 publications

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

New Insight into the Confinement Effect of Microporous Carbon in Li/Se Battery Chemistry: A Cathode with Enhanced Conductivity

In Batteria Electrochemical Polymerization to Form a Protective Conducting Layer on Se/C Cathodes for High‐Performance Li–Se Batteries

Graphene-Based Heterogeneous Electrodes for Energy Storage

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