A Self-Powered Biosensor for the Detection of Glutathione

Abstract

Glutathione is an important biological molecule which can be an indicator of numerous diseases. A method for self-powered detection of glutathione levels in solution has been developed using an enzymatic biofuel cell. The device consists of a glucose oxidase anode and a bilirubin oxidase cathode. For the detection of glutathione, the inhibition of bilirubin oxidase leads to a measurable decrease in current and power output. The reported method has a detection limit of 0.043 mM and a linear range up to 1.7 mM. Being able to detect a range of concentrations can be useful in evaluating a patient’s health. This method has the potential to be implemented as a quick, low-cost alternative to previously reported methods.

Equipment-free determination of ascorbic acid based on the UV-induced oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine in a paper-based analysis device

“…Although glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and phenol could cause detectable responses, N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), a perfect masking agent for sulfhydryl compound, could eliminate their interference effectively whereas no effect on the activity of AA3. Moreover, the concentrations used in the interference experiment is much higher than the normal concentration of glutathione and cysteine in plasma samples from healthy humans (80 μmol L −1 31 and 200–300 μmol L −1 , 32 respectively). Therefore, this PAD could be applied to beverage and serum sample analysis.…”

An Overview of Biosensors Based on Glutathione Transferases and for the Detection of Glutathione

“…The current produced by the biosensor decreases with increasing amounts of GSH due to inhibition of bilirubin oxidase making it possible to determine GSH concentration. Moreover, the sensor showed a sensitivity of 22.1 � 0.3 μA cm À 2 Mm À 1 and a detection limit of 43 μM [96].…”

“…A self-powered biosensor utilizing a biofuel cell was developed as a quick and inexpensive alternative to widely used methods [96]. Self-powered sensors are essentially fuel cells where the analyte is detected by either an increase or decrease of current and power output.…”

Towards a Self-Powered Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on a Single-Enzyme Biofuel Cell

“…It was able to detect glucose or lactate in a concentration range from 1 to 80 mM by measuring the variation in the output power depending on the concentration of the analyte. Since this work, the number of publications on EBFC-SPBs has been increasing every year and includes analytes such as ascorbic acid [ 13 ], lactate [ 14 ], glutathione [ 15 ], acetylcholine [ 16 ], ethanol [ 17 ], cholesterol [ 18 ], L-cysteine [ 19 ], mercury ions [ 20 ], or carcinoembryonic antigen [ 21 ]. However, EBFC-based glucose biosensors are of greatest interest.…”