A self-healing electrically conductive organogel composite

All-Polymer Piezoelectric Elastomer with High Stretchability, Low Hysteresis, Self-Adhesion, and UV-Blocking as Flexible Sensor

“…During the loading process, the physical interactions in the networks could be dissociated when subjected to external force, thereby dissipating plenty of energy. Subsequently, in the unloading period, the reconstruction of the dipole–dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds prompted the rearrangement of the networks and therefore exhibited excellent fatigue resistance. , Still, there was no interval time between each cycle during the sequential cyclic tensile test, and the partially broken physical bonds in the network could not be immediately restored, resulting in the gradually decreasing tensile strength. In the cyclic compression test at a predetermined strain of 80%, the hysteresis loops were nearly the same for each cycle, and the corresponding dissipated energy also remained almost constant during the whole cycles (Figure e), indicating the remarkable resilience and mechanical stability .…”

Super‐Stretchable, Anti‐Freezing, Anti‐Drying Organogel Ionic Conductor for Multi‐Mode Flexible Electronics

“…With the emergence and rapid rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), flexible and wearable electronics have attracted significant research attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] To satisfactorily meet the requirements of flexible electronics such as human skin, artificial muscle, and flexible sensors, device materials are expected to be stretchable,mechanically robust, and electrically DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202304625 conductive. Besides, as extreme conditions frequently occur in practical environments, for example, low temperature and dry weather, the device materials should also be anti-freezing, anti-drying, and thermal stable to better adapt the practical applications, and ensure the normal work for a long time [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] As one of promising ionic conductive flexible materials, hydrogels are widely studied because of their merits of being transparent, stretchable, and ionic conductive [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Nevertheless, due to the limited choice of gelators [13,20,30] hydrogels have deficiencies of poor affinity to hydrophobic substances [30][31][32] and poor structural/environmental stability [7,13,33] Because of the free water molecules inside, most hydrogels can easily be frozen at a low temperature below zero…”

“…As an alternative, organogel can easily overcome the above problems because the solvents available for preparing organogels are much broader than those for hydrogels, which provides more applications than hydrogels [ 9,13,35–45 ] In this work, we designed a stretchable and multifunctional organogel ionic conductor (MOIC) via a facile self‐polymerization reaction in a glycol‐water binary solvent. This organogel was conductive, flexible, water‐retaining, anti‐freezing, and thermally stable.…”

Regulating Boronic Ester Bonds in Bilayer Hydrogels toward Fabricating Multistimuli-Triggered Actuators

“…Thus, B−O bonding has been widely used as a networking strategy to fabricate hydrogel materials. 13−15 The reported studies around the hydrogels with B−O bonds are mainly involved (a) as a structural unit to construct the secondary (weak) networks or cross-links for improving mechanical performance of hydrogels; 16,17 (b) as a responsive unit to endow the networks with reconstruction capability for realizing multistimulus responsiveness; 18−20 hydrogels for developing flexible devices. 21,22 The as-prepared dynamic hydrogels with B−O bonds show promising applications in the fields of sensors, biomedicine, and tissue engineering.…”

“…This structure is reversible, which depends on the environmental pH and temperature. , Increasing pH or decreasing temperature is conducive to cyclization, and accordingly, this dynamic bonding can be used as a structural design strategy for fabricating the pH- or temperature-triggered substrates to detect biomolecules or to deliver drug components. − The most attractive feature of B–O bonding is that the reactants such as borax are water-soluble, and boronic acid formed via the hydrolysis of borax acts as a Lewis acid to accept electron pairs, forming the complexes with Lewis bases. , In other words, B–O bonding easily occurs in aqueous solutions with water-soluble polyols or other substrates with electron-donating groups. Thus, B–O bonding has been widely used as a networking strategy to fabricate hydrogel materials. − The reported studies around the hydrogels with B–O bonds are mainly involved (a) as a structural unit to construct the secondary (weak) networks or cross-links for improving mechanical performance of hydrogels; , (b) as a responsive unit to endow the networks with reconstruction capability for realizing multistimulus responsiveness; − and (c) as a functional unit to fabricate ionic hydrogels for developing flexible devices. , The as-prepared dynamic hydrogels with B–O bonds show promising applications in the fields of sensors, biomedicine, and tissue engineering. , …”