A Self‐Branched Lamination of Hierarchical Patronite Nanoarchitectures on Carbon Fiber Cloth as Novel Electrode for Ionic Liquid Electrolyte‐Based High Energy Density Supercapacitors

Abstract

The developments of rationally designed binder-free metal chalcogenides decorated flexible electrodes are of paramount importance for advanced energy storage devices. Herein, binder-free patronite (VS 4 ) flower-like nanostructures are facilely fabricated on a carbon cloth (CC) using a facile hydrothermal method for high-performance supercapacitors. The growth density and morphology of VS 4 nanostructures on CC are also controlled by varying the concentrations of vanadium and sulfur sources along with the complexing agent in the growth solution. The optimal electrode with an appropriate growth concentration (VS 4 -CC@VS-3) demonstrates a considerable pseudocapacitance performance in the ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate), with a high operating potential of 2 V. Utilizing VS 4 -CC@VS-3 as both positive and negative electrodes, the IL-based symmetric supercapacitor is assembled, which demonstrates a high areal capacitance of 536 mF cm −2 (206 F g −1 ) and excellent cycling durability (93%) with superior energy and power densities of 74.4 µWh cm −2 (28.6 Wh kg −1 ) and 10154 µW cm −2 (9340 W kg −1 ), respectively. As for the high energy storage performance, the device stably energizes various portable electronic applications for a long time, which make the fabricated composite material open up news for the fabrication of fabrics supported binder-free chalcogenides for high-performance energy storage devices.

A High‐Performance, Tailorable, Wearable, and Foldable Solid‐State Supercapacitor Enabled by Arranging Pseudocapacitive Groups and MXene Flakes on Textile Electrode Surface

“…Benefiting from the high areal capacitance performance and extended operating voltage window, the solid‐state asymmetric device can deliver a maximum areal energy density up to 277.3 μWh cm −2 at a power density of 624 μW cm −2 (Figure 5e). The obtained areal energy density outperforms those of ever‐reported MXene‐based symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors including RuO 2 //Ti 3 C 2 yarn (1.5 V; 168 μWh cm −2 ), [ 47 ] PANI//Ti 3 C 2 T x (1.4 V; 159 μWh cm −2 ), [ 44 ] Ti 3 C 2 aerogel//CNF (1.3 V; 120 μWh cm −2 ), [ 48 ] RuO 2 //Ti 3 C 2 sandwich (1.5 V; 48 μWh cm −2 ), [ 34 ] 1TMoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 (0.6 V; 17.4 μWh cm −2 ), [ 49 ] MXene/MPEs (0.6 V; 20.4 μWh cm −2 ) [ 42 ] and these in Table S1, Supporting Information, which is also remarkably outstanding in many textile‐based supercapacitors such as activated graphene fiber fabric (0.8 V; 23.5 μWh cm −2 ), [ 50 ] VS4‐CC@VS‐3 (2.0 V; 74.4 μWh cm −2 ), [ 51 ] activated carbon cloth (1.0 V; 77 μWh cm −2 ), [ 15 ] CF/MoO 3 //CF/MnO 2 (2.0 V; 2.7 μWh cm −2 ), [ 52 ] Co 9 S 8 @PPy@NiCo‐LDH‐NTAs//AC (1.6 V, 132 μWh cm −2 ), [ 53 ] Cu(OH) 2 /CPCC//AC/CC (1.2 V, 49 μWh cm −2 ) [ 54 ] and these in Table S2, Supporting Information. Even at the highest power density of 26 480 μW cm −2 , the solid‐state asymmetric device can achieve a high areal energy density of 117.7 μWh cm −2 , indicative of outstanding rate capability.…”

Relationship between Multivalent Cation Charge Carriers and Organic Solvents on Nanoporous Carbons in 4 V‐Window Magnesium Ion Supercapacitors

“…The energy and power relationship was depicted as a Ragone plot and compared with previously reported high‐performance supercapacitors (Figure 4f). [ 39–46 ] The MEC‐based Mg ion supercapacitors offered at least double the specific energy density and over four times the specific power density offered by previously reported Mg ion supercapacitors. In addition, this multivalent ion supercapacitor exceeded the energy and power capabilities of all other alkali ion‐based supercapacitors reviewed in the comparison.…”

Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices: A Brief Review on Their Limits and Applications

“…These properties, along with high intrinsic ionic conductivity, are highly desirable as solvents and electrolytes for SCs. Earlier results suggested that the capacitance retention and operational safety at high temperatures is much better for SCs with ILs as electrolytes than those using non-aqueous electrolytes [11,25,75,[178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188]. It is also observed that SCs fabricated using ILs can be operated at high cell voltage, which helps the improvement of energy density of SCs to the extent of secondary batteries [180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193].…”