A Self-Administering Scale for Measuring Intellectual Impairment and Deterioration

Shipley, Walter C.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1940.9917704

Cited by 1,241 publications

(785 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Participants selected the word that was the closest synonym to the stimulus word from among four presented options. Shipley (1940) reports a split-half reliability for this test as .87; the split-half reliability for the present sample of young adults was .84 and .92 for older adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.

Kemper¹,

Sumner²

2001

Psychology and Aging

245

166

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Abstract:Four measures of verbal ability derived from language sample analysis as well as 11 other measures of vocabulary, verbal fluency, and memory span were obtained from a sample of young adults and a sample of older adults. Factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of the 11 vocabulary, fluency, and span measures for each age group. Then an "extension" analysis was performed using structural modeling techniques to determine how the language samples measures were related to the other measures. One language sample measure of grammatical complexity was associated with measures of working memory including reading span and digit span; two measures, sentence length in words and a measure of lexical diversity, were associated with the vocabulary measures; the fourth measure, propositional density, was associated with the fluency measures as a measure of processing efficiency. The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults is somewhat different, suggesting age differences in processing efficiency affecting sentence length, verbal fluency, and reading speed. Text of paper:The . The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 16, 312-322. Publisher's official version: http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0882-7974.16.2.312. Open Access version: http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/. The Structure of Verbal Abilities in Young and Older AdultsVerbal abilities in adulthood have been traditionally studied by testing older adults' abilities to produce definitions (Wechsler, 1981), select synonyms (Shipley, 1940), pronounce phonologically irregular words (Grober, Sliwinski, Schwartz, & Saffran, 1991), name pictures or drawings (Dunn, Dunn, & Dunn, 1997), and rapidly retrieve words (Borkowski, Benson, & Spreen, 1967). Across a wide range of tests both longitudinally and cross-sectionally, vocabulary has been shown to increase throughout the middle adult years but to decline in late adulthood (Albert, Heller, & Milberg, 1988;Botwinick & Siegler, 1980;Eisdorfer & Wilkie, 1973;Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, & Small, 1998;Schaie, 1983 Schaie, , 1996Schaie & Willis, 1993).Adopting a different approach, Kemper and her colleagues have traced age-related changes to verbal ability by analyzing spontaneous speech and writing samples. Language sample analysis has been traditionally used to assess children's mastery of vocabulary and grammar (Stromswold, 1996) although experimental techniques have been more recently developed to probe children's understanding of specific grammatical constructions (McKee, 1996) and maternal vocabulary inventories (Fenson, Dale, Reznick, Thal, Bates, Hartung, Pethick, & Reilly, 1991) have been developed to standardize the assessment of children's vocabulary. In a series of studies, Kemper and her colleagues investigated older adults' use of complex syntactic constructions in oral and written language samples (Kemper, 1992;Kemper, Kynette, Rash, Sprott, & O'Brien, 1989;Kemper, Rash, Kynette, & Norman, 1990;Kynette & Kemper, 1986). For example, Kemper (19...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 60%

The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.

Kemper¹,

Sumner²

2001

Psychology and Aging

245

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Finally, a computerized version of the vocabulary portion of the Shipley (1940) test was administered, displaying the target above four numbered potential synonyms in turn for each of the 40 items, for a numerical key response.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Shipley (1940) vocabulary test has 40 target words of increasing difficulty (from TALK to PRISTINE), each associated with one correct synonym and three foils.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Behavioral Database for Masked Form Priming

Johnson¹,

McCormick²,

McKague³

et al. 2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Reading involves a process of matching an orthographic input with stored representations in lexical memory. The masked priming paradigm has become a standard tool for investigating this process. Use of existing results from this paradigm can be limited by the precision of the data and the need for cross-experiment comparisons that lack normal experimental controls. Here, we present a single, large, high-precision, multi-condition experiment to address these problems. Over 1000 participants from 14 sites responded to 840 trials involving 28 different types of orthographically related primes (e.g., castfe-CASTLE) in a lexical decision task, as well as completing measures of spelling and vocabulary. The data 1.4.1 were indeed highly sensitive to differences between conditions: After correction for multiple comparisons, prime type condition differences of 2.90 ms and above reached significance at the 5% level. This paper presents the method of data collection and preliminary findings from these data, which included replications of the most widely agreed-upon differences between prime types, further evidence for systematic individual differences in susceptibility to priming, and new evidence regarding lexical properties associated with a target word's susceptibility to priming. These analyses will form a basis for the use of these data in quantitative model fitting and evaluation, and future exploration of these data that will inform and motivate new experiments.FORM PRIMING PROJECT 3

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“…Participants had to meet the following inclusion criteria: (a) age of 18 years or older; (b) report being a current smoker of at least 15 cigarettes per day; (c) report having smoked for at least 2 years; (d) smoke a brand of cigarettes that delivers at least 11.0 mg tar and 0.7 mg nicotine as rated by the Federal Trade Commission method; and (e) have a score on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND; Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerström, 1991) of three or more. Participants were excluded based on the following: (a) if they reported a recent history of certain diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, angina, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension; (b) if they were treated with nicotine replacement products in the past six months, or with antidepressants in the past year; (c) if they reported using any smoking cessation treatments in past 6 months; or (d) if their estimated IQ on the Shipley Institute on Living Scale was less than 78 (Shipley, 1940). Females who were pregnant or nursing were also excluded.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Cloninger's temperament dimensions and acute tobacco withdrawal

Leventhal¹,

Waters²,

Boyd³

et al. 2007

Addictive Behaviors

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This study examined associations between three temperament dimensions measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (Cloninger, 1992) and tobacco abstinence effects. Smokers (N = 203, ≥15 cig/day) attended two laboratory sessions, one following 12hr of abstinence and the other following ad libitum smoking (order counterbalanced). Participants completed measures of withdrawal symptoms, cigarette urges, and affect. Smokers high in Novelty Seeking reported greater abstinence-induced increases in several nicotine withdrawal symptoms, negative affect, and cigarette craving. Smokers high in Harm Avoidance reported greater abstinence-induced increases in negative affect and urges to smoke to relieve distress. Reward Dependence was not associated with abstinence effects. Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance showed independent predictive associations with negative affect and urges, and their associations with abstinence effects persisted when controlling for FTND scores. Smokers with different temperaments display different patterns of acute tobacco withdrawal, and may benefit from treatments matched to their particular abstinence profile.

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A Self-Administering Scale for Measuring Intellectual Impairment and Deterioration

Cited by 1,241 publications

References 8 publications

The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.

The structure of verbal abilities in young and older adults.

A Behavioral Database for Masked Form Priming

Associations between Cloninger's temperament dimensions and acute tobacco withdrawal

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