A self-adjusting, progressive shock strength procedure to investigate resistance to punishment: Characterization in male and female rats

Desmercieres, Stevenson; Lardeux, Virginie; Longueville, Jean-Emmanuel; Hanna, Myriam; Panlilio, Leigh V.; Thiriet, Nathalie; Solinas, Marcello

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109261

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…S1). Consistent with our previous results [19], we found significant correlation among PR break points (Spearman correlation r > 0.32 and p < 0.05 for all values) but no correlation between PSS and PR breakpoints (Fig. S4A and S4B) confirming that these tasks do not measure exactly the same behavioral process [19,22,25,47].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, anxiety in sensitive rats was associated not only with lower PSS break points but also with higher conditioned suppression, suggesting that repeated experience of fear in an operant context may have led to diffuse fearful behavior. Importantly, in a previous study, PSS break point and anxiety were not correlated [19]. The main difference between that study and this one is the introduction of delay suggesting that temporal degradation of contingency induced an anxious phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…PSS break points are highly correlated under a wide variety of conditions) and a state (i.e. PSS break points are influenced by motivational states) [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSS break points are highly correlated under a wide variety of conditions) and a state (i.e. PSS break points are influenced by motivational states) [19]. Characterizing behavior in the PSS procedure may help in understanding mechanisms underlying resistance to punishment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food

Solinas,

Lardeux,

LeBlanc

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Resistance to punishment is commonly used as a measure of compulsive behavior in addiction-related processes. We recently developed a progressive shock strength (PSS) procedure in which individual rats can titrate the amount of punishment that they are willing to tolerate to obtain food rewards. Here, we investigated the effects of a range of delays (0-12 sec) on resistance to punishment measured by PSS break points. As expected from delay discounting principles, we found that delayed shock was less effective as a punisher, as revealed by higher PSS breakpoints. However, this discounting effect was not equally distributed in the population of rats, and the introduction of a delay highlighted the existence of two populations: rats that were sensitive to immediate punishment were also weakly sensitive to delay, whereas rats that were resistant to immediate punishment showed strong temporal discounting of delayed punishment. Importantly, shock-sensitive rats suppressed responding even in non-punishment sessions, and they differed from shock-resistant rats in anxiety- like behavior but not in sensitivity to pain. These results show that manipulation of temporal contingencies of punishment in the PSS procedure provides a valuable tool to identify individuals with a double vulnerability to addiction: low sensitivity to aversion and excessive discounting of negative future consequences. Conversely, the shock-sensitive population may provide a model of humans who are vulnerable to opportunity loss due to excessive anxiety.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…PSS break points are highly correlated under a wide variety of conditions) and a state (i.e. PSS break points are influenced by motivational states) [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food

Solinas,

Lardeux,

LeBlanc

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…We have recently developed a self-adjusting procedure to investigate punishment in rats (Desmercieres et al, 2022). The progressive shock strength (PSS), similar to procedures commonly used in humans (Apergis-Schoute et al, 2017; Kanen et al, 2021; Kim and Anderson, 2020), allows individuals to titrate the level of punishment they are willing to receive in order to obtain a reward and provides PSS breakpoints that are sensitive to the motivation state and the value of the reward (Desmercieres et al, 2022). This procedure allows a continuous rather than dichotomic evaluation of resistance to punishment and may allow to more precisely measure the consequence of exposure to HFSD on resistance to punishment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high fat and sugar diet on motivation for food and resistance to punishment in rats: role of sex and age of exposure

Desmercieres,

Lardeux,

Longueville

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Exposure to food rich in fat and sugar (High Fat and Sugar Diet, HFSD) is believed to induce behavioral and neurobiological changes that would produce addiction-like behavior and increase the risks of obesity and overweight. Studies in rodents have led to conflicting results suggesting that several factors such as sex and age of exposure contribute to the development of maladaptive behavior towards food. In addition, it is not clear whether the effects of exposure to HFSD persist after its discontinuation which would indicate long-term risk to develop addiction-like behavior. In this study, we investigated the persistent effects of an intermittent 8-week exposure to HFSD in male and female rats as a function of age of exposure (adult and adolescent). We found that intermittent exposure to HFSD did not alter body weight, but it affected consumption of standard food during the time of exposure in all groups. In addition, in adults, HFSD produced a decrease in the initial baseline responding in FR1 schedules that persisted for 4 weeks in males but not in female rats. However, we found that exposure to HFSD did not affect resistance to punishment measured by progressive shock strength (PSS) break points or motivation for food measured by progressive-ratio break points regardless of sex or age of exposure. Altogether, these results do not provide support to the hypothesis that intermittent exposure to HFSD produce persistent increases in the vulnerability to develop addiction-like behaviors towards palatable food.

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Effects of Highly Palatable Diet on motivation for food and resistance to punishment in rats: Role of sex and age of exposure

Desmercieres,

Lardeux,

Longueville

et al. 2024

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A self-adjusting, progressive shock strength procedure to investigate resistance to punishment: Characterization in male and female rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food

Delay of punishment highlights differential vulnerability to developing addiction-like behavior toward sweet food

Effects of high fat and sugar diet on motivation for food and resistance to punishment in rats: role of sex and age of exposure

Effects of Highly Palatable Diet on motivation for food and resistance to punishment in rats: Role of sex and age of exposure

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