A Secured Social-Economic Framework Based on PEM-Blockchain for Optimal Scheduling of Reconfigurable Interconnected Microgrids

Abstract

Optimal scheduling of reconfigurable interconnected microgrids is a precious and critical task for the residential consumers especially with the integration of renewable energy sources, dispatchable units and energy storage systems. In this regard, not only the optimal scheduling of the microgrids in a realistic and correlated environment is a necessity, but also the guarantied security and the prevention of cyber-attacks are mandatory tasks for the operators. This article first addresses these issues by developing a novel framework based on blockchain for secured data transaction from the individual microgrids' components to the central control unit and then tries to find the optimal scheduling plan using stochastic programming based on point estimate method (PEM). Through such a hybrid PEM-blockchain based framework, the interconnected microgrids can supply the residential loads in a fully reliable, economic and secured structure. We also consider a social-economic framework to not only minimize the total operating cost of the microgrids, but also benefit the customers by enhancing the social factors through the optimal switching. Considering the complex and nonlinear nature of the problem, an effective corrected crow search (CCS) algorithm is deployed to find the most optimal operating point for the microgrids. The quality and capabilities of the proposed model are investigated using a practical residential interconnected microgrid. The results show that the optimal switching could reduce the total operation cost from $22,716 to $21,935 (3.56% reduction). Also, the average energy not supplied (AENS) has reduced from 1.4115 to 1.352 kWh/customer.yr (4.40% reduction), which are notable values. The results advocate the quality and functionality of the proposed framework.

A Secured Advanced Management Architecture in Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading for Multi-Microgrid in the Stochastic Environment

“…As described before, the three microgrids proposed in this paper contain the renewable energy resources, i.e. the wind turbine, photovoltaic unit, tidal system, fuel cell unit as well as storage unit, aiming to supply the demand loads located in the areas far from the main grid [53][54][55][56][57]. It is needed to say that all the simulations are performed in GAMS and MATLAB software and solved on 3.4-GHz windows-based PC with 32 Gbytes of RAM.…”

SPSO Based Optimal Integration of DGs in Local Distribution Systems under Extreme Load Growth for Smart Cities

“…In References [10,[21][22][23][24][25], the authors implemented several approaches for optimal DGs location. In References [26,27], an analytical method based on generalized reduced gradient was used to an analytical method based on generalized reduced gradient was used to locate DGs optimally in a meshed network for maximum benefits.…”

“…The development of technologies related to the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and big data encourages power system operators to modernize power grid and smart city development [10][11][12]. It is always significant to have an efficient power system as greater losses distress the overall economy [13][14][15].…”

A Cost-Efficient-Based Cooperative Allocation of Mining Devices and Renewable Resources Enhancing Blockchain Architecture

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