A Secure Data Infrastructure for Personal Manufacturing Based on a Novel Key-Less, Byte-Less Encryption Method

Abstract

We are witnessing the advent of personal manufacturing, where home users and small and medium enterprises manufacture products locally, at the point and time of need. The impressively fast adoption of these technologies indicates this approach to manufacturing can become a key enabler of the real-time economy of the future. In this paper, we contribute a secure and dependable infrastructure and architecture for that new paradigm. Our solution leverages physical limitations of the computational process into a defense strategy that makes distributed file storage and transfer highly secure. The main idea is to replace asymmetric or public-key encryption functions with an unkeyed, collision, second preimage, and preimage resistant cryptographic hash function. Such a cryptosystem does not have an inverse function H-1. We challenge each block hash against the full hash table to recreate the original message. To illustrate the approach, we describe secured protocols that provide a number of desirable properties during both data storage and streaming. Similar to proof-of-work blockchain consensus algorithms, we parameterized the solution based on the amount of infrastructure available. Experiments show the proposed method can recalculate hashes for a 3-dimensional live matrix of 256 3 at an average of 14 revisions per second, and one revision every 5 minutes for a bigger matrix of 4096 3. The increase in cloud infrastructure cost is insignificant compared to the level of protection offered. INDEX TERMS Communication system security, computer aided manufacturing, content distribution networks, data security, data storage systems, distributed computing, information security, intelligent manufacturing systems, technology social factors, virtual manufacturing.

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“…Already now, software platforms such as 3DPrinterOS [57,56,58] and ZAP [59] are available, which cover the whole personal manufacturing workflow from the initial idea to the physical object using real-time command-and-control of AM machinery to manufacture production-grade functional parts. Such platforms automate the whole process, and allow for tracking different parts of a product at different stages of manufacturing such as CAD, simulation, conversion, slicing, 3D printing, supports removal, post-processing, surface finishing, delivery of parts to an assembly line, assembly process, quality assurance, packaging and -finally -shipping the product to a customer.…”

“…The technology is licensed to Bosch, Kodak, and other popular desktop 3D printer manufacturers. Currently, the solution is completely reworked [57] and extended to any type of manufacturing machine or complex IoT device with command, control, and telemetry.…”

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“…The new cryptocurrency now exists in the form of two kinds of tokens, i.e., its ERC-20-based tokens in Ethereum and the genuine coins of the separately implemented blockchain. Both coins can be traded, and investors can exchange the ERC-20-based tokens to the genuine token via a blockchain bridge 11 . In such an ICO lifecycle, Ethereum has merely the role of a crowdfunding platform, but the new token is not genuinely "build on top of Ethereum" [62].…”

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