A Second List of Parasites from Marine and Coastal Animals of Florida

Hutton, Robert F.

doi:10.2307/3224765

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…(S.) pereirai was first described from the intestine of Atherinopsis californiensis from California by Anneureaux (1946). The adults of this nematode has subsequently been reported from a variety of hosts and different geographical localities (Soganders-Bernal 1955, Noble & King 1960, Hutton 1964, Joy 1971, 1974, Corkern 1978, Yin 1983, Pinto et al 1984, Vicente et al 1985, Sood 1989, Frost & Dailey 1994. The third-stage larva of this nematode was described from the intestine of white shrimps off Mississipi (Overstreet 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux, 1946 (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with new host records and new morphological data on the larval stages

Santos

Cárdenas

Lent

1999

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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During a survey of fish parasites off the northeast coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, different stages of the nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux, 1946 were found in estuarine fishes. As camallanids are considered a significant problem for fishes when maintained in a closed ecosystem in the presence of suitable intermediate hosts (Rychlinski & Deardorff 1982), the description of previously unknown larval stages and the new host records encountered aid on understanding of the biology of this nematode in the study area. MATERIALS AND METHODSNinety-four fishes were accidentally captured in shrimp nets off the State of Rio de Janeiro, between Atafona (21º37'S, 41º02'W) and Macaé (22º23'S, 41º47'W). These were identified as: 32 Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875) Menticirrus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758). Fishes were dissected shortly after capture, usually being freshly killed. During the necropsy, all organs were separated and placed in sieves of 200 µm to be washed. Nematodes were fixed in Berland's fluid (Gibson 1979) for about 1 min and then stored in 70% alcohol. Drawings were made with the aid of a Wild microscope drawing attachment. Measurements were made with the use of a calibrated filar micrometer and are given in millimeters. The mean is indicated in parenthesis followed by the number of specimens measured, when more than two. Ecological terms used follow Margolis et al. (1982) and Moravec (1994). Helminths collected during the survey were deposited in the Helminthological Collection of Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,. RESULTSThe prevalence and abundance of P. (S.) pereirai in Paralonchurus brasiliensis was 78% and 2.7, in N. microps, 66% and 2.3; in S. brasiliensis 6% and 0.06, and in P. porosissimus 16% and 0.16. All three S. tesselatus were parasitized with three, three and four nematodes, respectively, while the only specimen of M. americanus had one nematode. The following description is based on specimens from P. brasiliensis; measurements from other hosts are presented in the Table. The first-stage larvae of these viviparous nematodes develop in the uterus of gravid females. The slender, colorless first-stage larvae, obtained from

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux, 1946 (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with new host records and new morphological data on the larval stages

Santos

Cárdenas

Lent

1999

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Many species of wading birds have been frequently observed to perch on dead mangroves, including the great egret (Casmerodius albus), snowy egret (Egretta thula thula), white ibis (Eudocimus albus), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), tricolored heron (Egretta tricolor ruficolis), wood stork (Mycteria americana), and roseate spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja) (personal observation). Egrets, white ibis, and herons are known to harbor a rich parasite community that includes many trematode species (Hutton and Sogandares-Bernal 1960;Hutton 1964;Bush and Forrester 1976), and some of these species use C. scalariformis as the first intermediate host (see Holliman 1961;McNeff 1978). A variety of small mammals such as cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus), marsh rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), and raccoons (Procyon lotor) can also harbor several species of the trematodes that infect C. scalariformis (Hutton and Sogandares-Bernal 1960;Heard 1976;Kinsella 1988), but were in low abundance at this study site (unpublished data).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial heterogeneity in recruitment of larval trematodes to snail intermediate hosts

2001

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Spatial variation in parasitism is commonly observed in intermediate host populations. However, the factors that determine the causes of this variation remain unclear. Increasing evidence has suggested that spatial heterogeneity in parasitism among intermediate hosts may result from variation in recruitment processes initiated by definitive hosts. I studied the perching and habitat use patterns of wading birds, the definitive hosts in this system, and its consequences for the recruitment of parasites in snail intermediate hosts. Populations of the mangrove snail, Cerithidea scalariformis, collected from mangrove swamps on the east coast of central Florida are parasitized by a diverse community of trematode parasites. These parasites are transmitted from wading birds, which frequently perch on dead mangrove trees. I tested the hypothesis that mangrove perches act as transmission foci for trematode infections of C. scalariformis and that the spatial variation of parasitism frequently observed in this system is likely to emanate from the distribution of wading birds. On this fine spatial scale, definitive host behaviors, responding to a habitat variable, influenced the distribution, abundance and species composition of parasite recruitment to snails. This causal chain of events is supported by regressions between perch density, bird abundance, bird dropping density and ultimately parasite prevalence in snails. Variation between prevalence of parasites in free-ranging snails versus caged snails shows that while avian definitive hosts initiate spatial patterns of parasitism in snails through their perching behaviors, these patterns may be modified by the movement of snail hosts. Snail movement could disperse their associated parasite populations within the marsh, which may potentially homogenize or further increase parasite patchiness initiated by definitive hosts.

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“…This is the first report of P. sphyrnae in South America and in the new host species. Procamallanus (S.) pereirai has been reported from a variety of hosts and different geographical localities , Sogandares-Bernal 1955, Noble & King 1960, Hutton 1964, Joy 1971, Yin 1983, Sood 1989, Frost & Dailey 1994. In Brazil this nematode was referred parasitizing Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pinto et al 1984, Vicente et al 1985.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%