“…We defined a population-scale impact to be that which alters survival of bald eagles and, therefore λ, but we acknowledge that other researchers may use different definitions. Additional definitions of a population-scale impact may include cumulative, stochastic, or transient growth rates (Tuljapurkar 1990, Tuljapurkar 1992, Caswell 2001, Ezard et al 2010, Gerber and Kendall 2016, life tables (Deevey 1947), abundance (Fox and Gurevitch 2000, Caswell 2001, Gallardo et al 2019, stable-stage distributions (Caswell 2001), reproductive values (Caswell 2001), or elasticities (de Kroon et al 2000, Caswell 2001). For completeness, we provided these comparisons using these other properties in the NYCounterPOPdV2 software.…”