A search for synbiotics: effects of enzymatically modified arabinoxylan and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens on short-chain fatty acids in the cecum content and plasma of rats

Nielsen, Tina Skau; Jensen, Bent Borg; Purup, Stig; Jackson, Stephanie; Saarinen, Markku; Lyra, Anna; Sørensen, Jens F.; Theil, Peter Kappel; Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach

doi:10.1039/c6fo00114a

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Specific bacteria were found to be heavily influenced by inulin across multiple luminal regions. For instance, some well-known fermenters such as Butyrivibrio and Prevotella are thought to improve intestinal health and have shown an increased level in pigs fed with inulin [38][39][40]. Our results suggest that Faecalibacterium is more abundant in cecum and colon of inulin-fed pigs than con-fed pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Inulin (INU) is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. However, whether and how gut microbiota in its regulation contributes to host metabolism has yet to be investigated. We conduct this study to examine the possible associations between the gut microbiota and circulating gut microbiota–host co-metabolites induced by inulin interventions. Plasma and intestinal site samples were collected from the pigs that have consumed inulin diet for 60 days. High-throughput sequencing was adopted for microbial composition, and the GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics were used to characterize featured plasma metabolites upon inulin intervention. Integrated multi-omics analyses were carried out to establish microbiota–host interaction. Inulin consumption decreased the total cholesterol (p = 0.04) and glucose (p = 0.03) level in serum. Greater β-diversity was observed in the cecum and colon of inulin-fed versus that of control-fed pigs (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the ileum. In the cecum, 18 genera were altered by inulin, followed by 17 in the colon and 6 in the ileum. Inulin increased propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations but decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate in the cecum, and increased total short fatty acids, valerate, and isobutyrate concentrations in the colon. Metabolomic analysis reveals that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) was significantly higher, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine are significantly lower in the inulin groups. Mantel test and integrative analysis revealed associations between plasma metabolites (e.g., IPA, BCAA, L-tryptophan) and inulin-responsive cecal microbial genera. These results indicate that the inulin has regional effects on the intestine microbiome in pigs, with the most pronounced effects occurring in the cecum. Moreover, cecum microbiota plays a pivotal role in the modulation of circulating host metabolites upon inulin intervention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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“…The mechanisms of decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C levels by synbiotics remained unclear. One of the possible mechanisms was inhibition of synthesis of fatty acids in the liver by producing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)[ 37 ]. Next, inulin played a determinant role in decreasing expression of lipogenic enzymes[ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus on serum lipids using a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.MethodsFifteen studies containing 15 trials, with 976 subjects were included. The pooled WMD was calculated by random effects model.ResultsProbiotic Lactobacillus consumption significantly reduced TC by 0.26mmol/l (95% CI, -0.40 to -0.12) and LDL-C by 0.23mmol/l (95% CI, -0.36 to -0.10). Subgroup analysis of trials found significantly reduction of TC using L. plantarum and reduction of LDL-C using L. plantarum or L. reuteri. No significant effects were found on TG and HDL-C levels after supplementation with probiotic Lactobacillus. While, subgroup analysis found significantly beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C by consuming synbiotic food, containing L. sporogenes and inulin.ConclusionConsuming probiotic Lactobacillus, especially L. reuteri and L. plantarm, could reduce TC and LDL-C significantly. The study also suggested significantly beneficial effects on TG and HDL-C by consuming synbiotic food, containing L. sporogenes and inulin.

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“…Though it was previously thought that butyric acid was rapidly metabolized and not found in the circulation [47,48], recent animal studies suggest that it is measurable in peripheral blood and can act on peripheral organs [49]. Moreover, there was no significant correlation in butyric acid concentration reported between venous blood and the fecal pool [50]; therefore, it would be worthwhile measuring the butyric acid concentration in both the plasma and fecal samples. Our study also has strengths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Children with Relapsing Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Background: While the etiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [INS]; characterized by repeated relapses and comorbid allergic conditions) remains unknown, recent evidence suggests that dysfunction in regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays an important role in the development of INS as well as allergic diseases. We hypothesized that dysbiosis involving decreased butyric acid-producing gut microbiota leads to defective induction and differentiation of peripherally induced Tregs, resulting in INS relapse. Methods: Study subjects were 12 children with INS, 8 classified as relapsing (R group; median age: 3.0 years) and 4 as non-relapsing (NR group; median age: 4.3 years), and 11 healthy children (HC group; median age: 5.1 years) serving as normal controls. Measurement of microbiota was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic analysis, and fecal butyric acid was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Flow-cytometric analysis of Tregs and CD4-positive (CD4⁺) cells in peripheral blood was also performed. Results: Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota using feces showed that the proportion of butyric acid-producing bacteria was significantly lower in R (median 6.36%) than HC (median 18.84%; p = 0.0013), but no different between NR (median 16.71%) and HC (p = 0.29). Fecal organic acid analysis revealed significantly lower butyric acid quantities in R than HC (medians: 0.48 vs. 0.99 mg/g, p = 0.042). Circulating Tregs as a proportion of CD4⁺ cells were decreased in 75% of R and NR. Conclusion: Pediatric relapsing INS patients show gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a decreased proportion of butyric acid-producing bacteria and lower fecal butyric acid quantities, concomitant with reduced circulatory Tregs.

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A search for synbiotics: effects of enzymatically modified arabinoxylan and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens on short-chain fatty acids in the cecum content and plasma of rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Children with Relapsing Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

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