A search for atmospheric effects on gravity at different time and space scales

Hinderer, J.; Hector, Basile; Boy, Jean‐Paul; Riccardi, Umberto; Rosat, Séverine; Calvo, Marta; Littel, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2014.02.001

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…At midlatitude, this means a standard deviation of gravity of 30 nm/s 2 as the standard deviation of the barometer recording is 10 hPa. The local air pressure recording and a single admittance factor allow correcting for about 90% of the atmospheric effects (Boy, 2005;Boy et al, 2009Boy et al, , 2002Hinderer et al, 2014;Klügel & Wziontek, 2009;Merriam, 1992).…”

Section: A13 Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of the correction using a single admittance approach differs within the frequency range due to the frequency dependence of air pressure admittance. This can certainly be improved by applying a 3-D model of the atmosphere and local barometric measurements (Boy, 2005;Boy et al, 2002Boy et al, , 2009Hinderer et al, 2014Hinderer et al, , 2015Karbon et al, 2014;Klügel & Wziontek, 2009;Merriam, 1992;Neumeyer, 2010) ( Figure A2). However, the correction of atmospheric pressure effects remains imperfect, even with the most sophisticated treatments due to the limited spatial and temporal resolution of 3-D atmosphere models.…”

Section: A13 Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Camp

Viron

Watlet

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

179

105

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In a context of global change and increasing anthropic pressure on the environment, monitoring the Earth system and its evolution has become one of the key missions of geosciences. Geodesy is the geoscience that measures the geometric shape of the Earth, its orientation in space, and gravity field. Time‐variable gravity, because of its high accuracy, can be used to build an enhanced picture and understanding of the changing Earth. Ground‐based gravimetry can determine the change in gravity related to the Earth rotation fluctuation, to celestial body and Earth attractions, to the mass in the direct vicinity of the instruments, and to vertical displacement of the instrument itself on the ground. In this paper, we review the geophysical questions that can be addressed by ground gravimeters used to monitor time‐variable gravity. This is done in relation to the instrumental characteristics, noise sources, and good practices. We also discuss the next challenges to be met by ground gravimetry, the place that terrestrial gravimetry should hold in the Earth observation system, and perspectives and recommendations about the future of ground gravity instrumentation.

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Section: A13 Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A13 Atmospheric Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Camp

Viron

Watlet

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

179

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ocean response is included in the nonlocal calculation using the MOG2D nontidal ocean model [Carrère and Lyard, 2003] which has shown to perform better than the classical inverted barometer hypothesis [Boy and Lyard, 2008;Boy et al, 2009]. Details of atmospheric corrections for the Djougou SG station can be found in Hinderer et al [2014b] and Hector et al [2014]. Particularly, these authors showed the discrepancies between using a single scalar admittance and such loading calculations to correct for the pressure effects.…”

Section: B21 Data Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water storage changes as a marker for base flow generation processes in a tropical humid basement catchment (Benin): Insights from hybrid gravimetry

Hector

Séguis

Hinderer

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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In basement catchments of subhumid West Africa, base flow is the main component of annual streamflow. However, the important heterogeneity of lithology hinders the understanding of base flow generation processes. Since these processes are linked with water storage changes (WSCs) across the catchment, we propose the use of hybrid gravity data in addition to neutron probe-derived water content and water levels to monitor spatiotemporal WSC of a typical crystalline basement headwater catchment (16 ha) in Benin. WSC behaviors are shown to provide insights into hydrological processes in terms of water redistribution toward the catchment outlet. Hybrid gravimetry produces gravity change observations from time-lapse microgravity surveys coupled with gravity changes monitored at a base station using a superconducting gravimeter and/or an absolute gravimeter. A dense microgravity campaign (70 surveys of 14 stations) covering three contrasted years was set up with a rigorous protocol, leading to low uncertainties (<2.5 lGal) on station gravity determinations (with respect to the network reference station). Empirical orthogonal function analyses of both gravity changes and WSCs from neutron probe data show similar spatial patterns in the seasonal signal. Areas where storage and water table show a capping behavior (when data reach a plateau during the wet season), suggesting threshold-governed fast subsurface redistribution, are identified. This observed storage dynamics, together with geological structures investigated by electrical resistivity tomography and drill log analysis, make it possible to derive a conceptual model for the catchment hydrology.

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“…The fundamental component of a superconducting gravimeter, also called the cryogenic gravimeter, consists of a hollow superconducting sphere that levitates in a persistent magnetic field generated by currents in a pair of superconducting coils (Goodkind, 1999;Hinderer et al, 2015). The superconducting property of zero resistance allows the currents that produce the magnetic field to flow forever without any resistive loss.…”

Section: Gravimeter Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.3). The local air pressure recording and a single admittance factor allow correction for about 90 % of the atmospheric effects (Boy, 2005;Boy et al, 2002Boy et al, , 2009Hinderer et al, 2014;Klügel and Wziontek, 2009;Merriam, 1992). However, this factor is frequency-dependent due to the spatialtemporal characteristics of pressure variations (Crossley et al, 2005;Wahr, 1985).…”

Section: Gravimeter Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the use of underground gravity monitoring to evaluate radar estimates of heavy rainfall

Delobbe

Watlet

Wilfert

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The radar-based estimation of intense precipitation produced by convective storms is a challenging task and the verification through comparison with gauges is questionable due to the very high spatial variability of such types of precipitation. In this study, we explore the potential benefit of using a superconducting gravimeter as a new source of in situ observations for the evaluation of radar-based precipitation estimates. The superconducting gravimeter used in this study is installed in Membach (BE), 48 m underneath the surface, at 85 km distance from a C-band weather radar located in Wideumont (BE). The 15-year observation record 2003–2017 is available for both gravimeter and radar with 1 and 5 min time steps, respectively. Water mass increase at ground due to precipitation results in a decrease in underground measured gravity. The gravimeter integrates soil water in a radius of about 400 m around the instrument. This allows capture of rainfall at a larger spatial scale than traditional rain gauges. The precision of the gravimeter is a few tenths of nm s−2, 1 nm s−2 corresponding to 2.6 mm of water. The comparison of reflectivity and gravity time series shows that short-duration intense rainfall events produce a rapid decrease in the underground measured gravity. A remarkable correspondence between radar and gravimeter time series is found. The precipitation amounts derived from gravity measurements and from radar observations are further compared for 505 rainfall events. A correlation coefficient of 0.58, a mean bias (radar–gravimeter)/gravimeter of 0.24 and a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 3.19 mm are obtained. A better agreement is reached when applying a hail correction by truncating reflectivity values to a given threshold. No bias, a correlation coefficient of 0.64 and a MAD of 2.3 mm are reached using a 48 dBZ threshold. The added value of underground gravity measurements as a verification dataset is discussed. The two main benefits are the spatial scale at which precipitation is captured and the interesting property that gravity measurements are directly influenced by water mass at ground no matter the type of precipitation: hail or rain.

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A search for atmospheric effects on gravity at different time and space scales

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements

Water storage changes as a marker for base flow generation processes in a tropical humid basement catchment (Benin): Insights from hybrid gravimetry

Exploring the use of underground gravity monitoring to evaluate radar estimates of heavy rainfall

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