A Scoping Study on Lightweight Cryptography Reviews in IoT

Abstract

The efforts in designing and developing lightweight cryptography (LWC) started a decade ago. Many scholarly studies in literature report the enhancement of conventional cryptographic algorithms and the development of new algorithms. This significant number of studies resulted in the rise of many review studies on LWC in IoT. Due to the vast number of review studies on LWC in IoT, it is not known what the studies cover and how extensive the review studies are. Therefore, this article aimed to bridge the gap in the review studies by conducting a systematic scoping study. It analyzed the existing review articles on LWC in IoT to discover the extensiveness of the reviews and the topics covered. The results of the study suggested that many review studies are classified as overview-types of review focusing on generic LWC. Further, the topics of the reviews mainly focused on symmetric block cryptography, while limited reviews were found on asymmetric-key and hash in LWC. The outcomes of this study revealed that the reviews in LWC in IoT are still in their premature stage and researchers are encouraged to explore by conducting review studies in the less-attended areas. An extensive review of studies that cover these two topics is deemed necessary to establish a balance of scholarly works in LWC for IoT and encourage more empirical research in the area.

Modern and Lightweight Component-based Symmetric Cipher Algorithms

“…The cipher algorithm can involve more than 1 of the above-mentioned categorization methods; for example, the algorithm may be symmetric key using (s-p) in encryption, processing plain text as blocks, and lightweight type (Chiadighikaobi and Katuk, 2021).…”

An Enhanced Block Pre-processing of PRESENT Algorithm for Fingerprint Template Encryption in the Internet of Things Environment

“…Small computing devices are becoming more widespread and emerged as an essential part of the Internet of Things (IoT). It is the backbone of applications in various domains like healthcare, agriculture, transportation, smart cities [1]. In this type of network, devices send a large volume of sensitive data; therefore, data security is the researchers' main concern, primarily through encryption algorithms [2].…”

“…They cannot achieve acceptable hardware conditions and performance with their limited power supply [3]. Therefore, lightweight encryption algorithms become the best option to ensure the security of such information [1,[4][5][6] that is generated by such small devices [5,7]. Furthermore, resource-constraint environments require lightweight cryptography to accommodate features of compact implementation, small memory, and low power supply [1].…”

“…Therefore, lightweight encryption algorithms become the best option to ensure the security of such information [1,[4][5][6] that is generated by such small devices [5,7]. Furthermore, resource-constraint environments require lightweight cryptography to accommodate features of compact implementation, small memory, and low power supply [1]. The lightweight cryptography addresses the limitation of that traditional cryptography which cannot be used in this environment due to high implementation costs [8,9].…”

“…Panahi et al [11] listed eighty-one algorithms with their features to demonstrate the available algorithms for lightweight implementation. One of the popular ultra-lightweight encryption algorithms is PRESENT [12], with simple encryption key scheduling [1,13] compared to others. Various types of data sent within devices in IoT networks need to be protected in terms of confidentiality using encryption algorithms.…”