A scoping review of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in building performance diagnostic inspections

Masri, Yasser El; Rakha, Tarek

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120542

Cited by 75 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…To overcome some limitations in assessing and measuring the defects areas, previously shown in Sections 3 and 4, some technologies were selected to collect geometric and photographic data. The technologies analysed in this study are the most addressed in the literature [16,21,23,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32]49,50]: 3D laser scanning, infrared thermography, photogrammetry, digital image processing, and drones. Each technology is presented succinctly, with the main focus of automate mapping and quantifying the defects observed in building facades.…”

Section: Emerging Technologies To Automate Visual Building's Façade Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis about Emerging Technologies for Building’s Façade Inspection

2021

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The diagnosis of the building’s façades pathology is extremely important to support rational and technically informed decisions regarding maintenance and rehabilitation actions. With a reliable diagnosis, the probable causes of the anomalies can be correctly identified, and the correction measures adopted can be more compatible with the existing elements, promoting the durability of the façades. Visual inspection is the most common approach to identify anomalies in a building’s façade and, in many cases, this technique is sufficient to support the decision to intervene. However, the pathological phenomenon is complex, and the anomalies observed may indicate the presence of other defects, or some anomalies may not be visible in a simple visual observation. This study intends to discuss the application of emerging technologies on the diagnosis and anamneses of building’s façade, in order to automatise the collection of reliable on-site data and, thus, reduce the uncertainty of the diagnosis. The use of these techniques can help existing inspection methodologies, already tested, based mainly on the visual assessment of the buildings’ elements degradation condition.

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Section: Emerging Technologies To Automate Visual Building's Façade Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis about Emerging Technologies for Building’s Façade Inspection

2021

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“…The validation of the techniques and the tests run in the laboratory through computer programs have enabled a huge leap in terms of conservation of architectural heritage in recent decades [13]. These NDTs are, to a certain extent, controversial: they are considered very favourable techniques by many researchers, but unreliable by others [14], and have successfully been applied in ancient religious and heritage buildings with proven results [15]. Previous research shows how a detailed study of cultural heritage structures generally requires the application of various detection techniques, along with historical and technical knowledge [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, NDTs have been integrated with other software, such as Building Energy Modelling (BEM), to better characterise the model, and for a greater understanding of the thermodynamics of the building envelope. This integration, however, can also be carried out for the study of damage in heritage architecture [14]. In this respect, computer analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM) [26,27] enables some of the results obtained with NDT to be verified, and is therefore helpful in the effective identification and structural diagnosis of typologically differentiated heritage case studies [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive testing and Finite Element Method integrated procedure for heritage diagnosis: The Seville Cathedral case study

Diz-Mellado

Mascort-Albea

Romero-Hernández

et al. 2021

Journal of Building Engineering

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One of the major problems faced by historic cities today involves the conservation of heritage buildings. Damage suffered by these buildings can be irreversible and fast-acting, leading to their disappearance over a short period. The study and analysis of the origin of the damage suffered by these buildings have proved themselves to be key to their conservation. Non-destructive testing (NDT) can detect problems indiscernible to the naked eye, thereby preventing potential losses. In this paper, a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of building structures integrated with the Finite Element Method (FEM) was applied to the Tabernacle Chapel; a building included in the northwest wing of the Cathedral of Seville complex. Despite the many interventions carried out to date, the issue of the chapel's deterioration has yet to be entirely solved. This research describes the results of a detailed constructive and structural diagnosis methodology for heritage buildings. The data provided from NDT methods, such as Digital Image Processing (DIP), Infrared Thermography (IRT), Laser Levelling (LL), Ambient Vibration Testing (AVT), and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), has been verified and integrated as boundary conditions in a 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to establish the critical points of the structure, including the failure mechanisms. The results led to the conclusion that the main causes of deterioration involved the settling of the grandstand built in the northwest sector of the building and the effects of the thrusts of the dome on the lateral façades. An integrated implementation methodology of NDT and FEM has enabled accurate knowledge to be ascertained of the principal damage affecting this heritage building.

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“…The term NDT (nondestructive testing) designates a group of diagnostic methods, often contactless nowadays and thus utilizing different physical fields and their influencing Sustainability 2021, 13 with the tested objects. The NDT methods are used in a broad area of applications, from the construction engineering [1] up to the aerospace area [2,3]; however, the limiting factors are the knowledge and technical equipment. The use of the methods also depends on the development of materials, sensors, sensing principles, visualization and interpretation of the measured quantities and values [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Diagnostics of Low-Speed Electrical and Mechanical Systems

et al. 2021

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The magnetic field created by technical devices is a source of information. This information could be used in contactless diagnostics and predictive maintenance or for resolving problems along with standard NDT (nondestructive testing) methods, especially if we consider large, slow-speed devices, such as electromotors, transmissions, or generators. Identification of causalities of device failure processes with near magnetic field is one of the suitable NDT methods improving sustainability of systems. The measurements presented in the article were performed with the VEMA 04 fluxgate vector magnetometer with the DC-250 Hz bandwidth and 2 nT sensitivity. Postprocessing of the results was performed in the means of standard methods of discrete Fourier Transform, spectrogram creation and Wavelet Transform. The article presents data gathered during the measurement of a pair of extraction fans with power of 140 kW each and maximum revolutions up to 740 rev/min controlled by frequency converters and a single semi-Kaplan water power plant with 400 kW peak power at 1005 rev/min maximum generator speed. The measurements were performed before and after repairs of one of the ventilators in the ventilation system at 60% and 100% of maximal output power. The rotating magnetic fields of the fan electromotor stator, fan rotor revolutions, rotor slip frequency and ball-bearing frequencies were identified in frequency spectrums in the distance of 700 mm from fan electromotor axis in both cases. During the measurements on the semi-Kaplan turbine, the changes in states of mechanical and electrical components of the machine were monitored in the magnetic fields with increase of the power in the range of 0–95%, before and after phasing to the electrical grid. Standard processing methods, Discrete Fourier Transform, spectrograms and Discrete Wavelet Transform were used. In the spectrograms of the measured magnetic fields, the 1st–4th harmonics of the turbine shaft, generator shaft and also their side frequencies were identified. Significant changes of magnetic fields in time were identified in the area of 60–95% power. With the help of the Wavelet, transform intervals were identified where it is desirable to operate the turbine. The analyses of magnetic fields measurements performed on the power plant were compared with vibro-diagnostic principles.

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A scoping review of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques in building performance diagnostic inspections

Cited by 75 publications

References 54 publications

Critical Analysis about Emerging Technologies for Building’s Façade Inspection

Critical Analysis about Emerging Technologies for Building’s Façade Inspection

Non-destructive testing and Finite Element Method integrated procedure for heritage diagnosis: The Seville Cathedral case study

Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Diagnostics of Low-Speed Electrical and Mechanical Systems

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