A scoping review of factors potentially linked with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from turkeys (iAM.AMR Project)

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex problem that is a threat to global public health.Consumption of turkey meat may be an important source of foodborne exposure to resistant bacteria; recent outbreaks of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella Reading in Canada and the USA have implicated raw turkey products. To better understand the epidemiology of AMR in farmed turkey production, a scoping review was conducted. The objectives were to identify 1) modifiable factors potentially associated with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica along the farm-to-fork pathway in turkeys, and 2) data gaps with respect to factors potentially associated with AMR and Canadian commercial turkey production. A comprehensive search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted in 2019 and updated in 2021. Thirteen references were included, reporting 36 factors.Antimicrobial use factors and their potential associations with AMR were most frequently reported (n=15 factors; 42%), followed by biosecurity (n=11; 31%) and management practices (n=10; 28%). This review revealed important data gaps; no factors pertaining to Salmonella enterica or to stages other than the farm (e.g., abattoir, retail) were identified, and only one Canadian reference was identified. These findings will inform priorities for future research and surveillance regarding turkeys and AMR.

Thematic description of factors linked with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans

“…Data extracted included: publication year, study design, country region (based on World Health Organization regions) ( 34 ), data collection method (primary, e.g., questionnaire or interview; secondary, e.g., database or medical charts), sample setting (e.g., hospital), outbreak episode, age of participants, microorganisms evaluated, type of colonization, carriage, or infection evaluated and factor themes (n=13). A factor was defined as a measured observation (e.g., penicillin use) that was investigated for its relationship with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae ( 32 , 35 ). Individual factors were grouped into 13 themes created through an iterative process informed by previous work ( 15 ).…”