A scientific study on the Xing kiln of ancient China

Lu, Xiaoke; Li, Weidong; Luo, Hongjie; LiSen, Han; Wang, Huimin; Li, Qiang

doi:10.1007/s11431-012-4960-0

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Liu et al [34] used the Gini coefficient to evaluate the climate of human settlements. Liu et al [35] applied the Gini coefficient to study the spatial distribution of grain in China. Delbosc et al [36] used the Lorenz curve to assess the fairness of public transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Water Security and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Industrial, Domestic Water Use and Pollution Management in Shandong, China

Liu

Zhang

2019

Water

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Comprehensive analysis of water use and pollution management plays an important role in regional water security and sustainable socio-economic development. This study applies the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), Gini index and elasticity coefficient methods to conduct an investigation of industrial and domestic water use and pollution management in Shandong. The results show that industrial water pollution generally displayed a coordinated relationship with socio-economic development, while an uncoordinated relationship occurred between domestic water pollution and socio-economic development. Meanwhile, the Gini index between domestic water use and population in 2017 (0.101) was superior to that of 2003 (0.165), and the Gini index of industrial water use and second industry output in 2017 (0.273) was better than that of 2003 (0.292), indicating that the allocation and equity of domestic and industrial water use in Shandong kept to a good development trend. Additionally, the industrial effect is better than the domestic effect in terms of the control of wastewater emissions and the governance of typical pollutants in wastewater. Accordingly, domestic water pollution has gradually become one of the major sources of water pollution, and the allocation of industrial and domestic water use has room to improve further in Shandong. Conjunctive use of the aforementioned three methods provides an approach to investigate the integrated management of water use and water pollution control from multiple angles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Water Security and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Industrial, Domestic Water Use and Pollution Management in Shandong, China

Liu

Zhang

2019

Water

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“…Herein, we compared the early Xing wares with the Sui coarse white porcelain and celadon excavated from the Xiguanbei Xing kiln site (Lu et al, 2012) in terms of chemical compositions (Supporting information Figure S3). The body compositions of early wares are more concentrated than that of the Sui samples.…”

Section: Relationship With Sui White Porcelainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

Zong

Wang

et al. 2022

Archaeometry

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As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550-600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581-618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.

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“…bodies made with white-firing clay (Wood 1999). Soon after early porcelain was introduced a new kind of porcelain, which has a white slip layer between the ceramic body and glaze, emerged at the Xing kilns during the Sui dynasty (581-618 AD) (Lu et al 2012). This was not the first time that a white slip had been used to decorate glazed ceramics in China, but it was the first time this technique had been used on high-fired porcelain wares (Qin 2018).…”

Section: The Development Of Northern Porcelain Waresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not that limestone has never been suggested as the flux for certain northern porcelain glazes during this period. Quite a few studies have done so based on the P 2 O 5 contents of some northern porcelain glazes (Li 1998, Lu et al 2012, but some studies have challenged such a suggestion, and the argument is also mainly based on the P 2 O 5 contents of certain varieties of northern porcelain glazes (Kerr andWood, 2009, Cui et al 2012). This confusing situation is also considered in this study: some glazes identified as having limestone fluxes based on their Sr isotopic compositions, such as Ding Five Dynasties white slip glaze and Ding northern Song fine glaze have similar or even higher P 2 O 5 contents than the glazes identified as wood ash glazes.…”

Section: The Earliest Use Of Limestone In Chinese High-fired Glazesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for the earliest use of limestone as a flux in Chinese high-fired ceramic glazes—evidence from Sr isotopic analysis of Chinese northern porcelain

Henderson

Evans

et al. 2021

Journal of Archaeological Science

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A scientific study on the Xing kiln of ancient China

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Challenges for Water Security and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Industrial, Domestic Water Use and Pollution Management in Shandong, China

Challenges for Water Security and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development: A Case Study of Industrial, Domestic Water Use and Pollution Management in Shandong, China

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

Searching for the earliest use of limestone as a flux in Chinese high-fired ceramic glazes—evidence from Sr isotopic analysis of Chinese northern porcelain

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