A school-based physical activity program to improve health and fitness in children aged 6–13 years ("Kinder-Sportstudie KISS"): study design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN15360785]

Zahner, Lukas; Puder, Jardena J.; Roth, Ralf; Schmid, Marco; Guldimann, Regula; Pühse, Uwe; Knöpfli, Martin; Braun‐Fahrländer, Charlotte; Marti, Bernard; Kriemler, Susi

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-147

Cited by 139 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Measurements Standing height, body weight, blood pressure, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses at four sites were measured as previously described [22]. BMI, skinfold thickness (sum of the four skinfold thicknesses), and waist circumference were used as measures of obesity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim, design and assessment of the predictor and outcome variables have been previously described in detail [22]. Briefly, 15 schools with a total of 28 classes were randomly selected from two provinces in Switzerland after stratification by the type of neighbourhood environment (urban vs rural), grade (first and fifth grade) and ethnicity to be representative of Swiss children with respect to sociodemographic status and BMI (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood was collected in vacutainers, which were immediately put on ice and immediately transported to a single hospital, where it was analysed within a few hours after sampling [22]. The CVs and characteristics of these assays have been reported previously [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis To assist in the development of preventive strategies, we studied whether the neighbourhood environment or modifiable behavioural parameters, including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA), are independently associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in children. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 502 randomly selected first and fifth grade urban and rural Swiss schoolchildren with regard to CRF, PA and the neighbourhood (rural vs urban) environment. Outcome measures included BMI, sum of four skinfold thicknesses, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a standardised clustered metabolic risk score. Results CRF and PA (especially total PA, but also the time spent engaged in light and in moderate and vigorous intensity PA) were inversely associated with measures of obesity, HOMA-IR and the metabolic risk score, independently of each other, and of sociodemographic and nutritional parameters, media use, sleep duration, BMI and the neighbourhood environment (all p<0.05). Children living in a rural environment were more physically active and had higher CRF values and reduced HOMA-IR and metabolic risk scores compared with children living in an urban environment (all p<0.05). These differences in cardiovascular risk factors persisted after adjustment for CRF, total PA and BMI. Conclusions/interpretation Reduced CRF, low PA and an urban environment are independently associated with an increase in metabolic risk markers in children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

et al. 2008

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“…The study design of KISS (ISRCTN15360785) was reported in detail elsewhere (Zahner et al, 2006). The KISS children were randomly selected and stratified by class, geographic area and ethnicity to be representative of Swiss children with respect to gender, sociodemographic status and body mass index (BMI).…”

Section: Subjects and Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kinder-Sportstudie (KISS) is a randomized controlled trial aimed to test whether an extended physical activity program improves physical activity, physical fitness, body composition and quality of life in a representative sample of Swiss children aged 6-13 years (Zahner et al, 2006). The KISS study offered us the unique opportunity to cross-calibrate 4-BIA and 8-BIA against DXA in a representative sample of the general pediatric population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in a representative sample of 6- to 13-year-old children

et al. 2008

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Background/Objectives: (1) To cross-validate tetra-(4-BIA) and octopolar (8-BIA) bioelectrical impedance analysis vs dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition and (2) to evaluate the accuracy of external 4-BIA algorithms for the prediction of total body composition, in a representative sample of Swiss children. Subjects/Methods: A representative sample of 333 Swiss children aged 6-13 years from the Kinder-Sportstudie (KISS) (ISRCTN15360785). Whole-body fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular lean tissue mass were measured with DXA. Body resistance (R) was measured at 50 kHz with 4-BIA and segmental body resistance at 5, 50, 250 and 500 kHz with 8-BIA. The resistance index (RI) was calculated as height 2 /R. Selection of predictors (gender, age, weight, RI4 and RI8) for BIA algorithms was performed using bootstrapped stepwise linear regression on 1000 samples. We calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI) of regression coefficients and measures of model fit using bootstrap analysis. Limits of agreement were used as measures of interchangeability of BIA with DXA. Results: 8-BIA was more accurate than 4-BIA for the assessment of FFM (root mean square error (RMSE) ¼ 0.90 (95% CI 0.82-0.98) vs 1.12 kg (1.01-1.24); limits of agreement 1.80 to -1.80 kg vs 2.24 to -2.24 kg). 8-BIA also gave accurate estimates of appendicular body composition, with RMSE p0.10 kg for arms and p0.24 kg for legs. All external 4-BIA algorithms performed poorly with substantial negative proportional bias (rX0.48, Po0.001). Conclusions: In a representative sample of young Swiss children (1) 8-BIA was superior to 4-BIA for the prediction of FFM, (2) external 4-BIA algorithms gave biased predictions of FFM and (3) 8-BIA was an accurate predictor of segmental body composition.

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Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents

Ekelund¹

2012

JAMA

972

840

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A school-based physical activity program to improve health and fitness in children aged 6–13 years ("Kinder-Sportstudie KISS"): study design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN15360785]

Cited by 139 publications

References 46 publications

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, low physical activity and an urban environment are independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children

Cross-validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of body composition in a representative sample of 6- to 13-year-old children

Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents

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