A schematic model of quarks and leptons

Harari, Haim

doi:10.1016/0370-2693(79)90626-9

Cited by 386 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Then the most simple, nontrivial assumption consists in considering leptons and quarks as bound states of three partons. Such a hypothesis was inaugurated by Harari [6], and Shupe [7]. But apart from the assumption of the substructure to be given by three partons, our model has nothing in common with the Harari-Shupe model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantum Numbers of Eigenstates of Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann- Wigner Equations for Fermions with Partonic Substructure

Stumpf

2003

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann-Wigner (BBW) equations are relativistically invariant quantum mechanical many body equations with nontrivial interaction, selfregularization and probability interpretation. Owing to these properties these equations are a suitable means for describing relativistic bound states of fermions. In accordance with de Broglie's fusion theory and modern assumptions about the partonic substructure of elementary fermions, i.e., leptons and quarks, the three-body generalized BBW-equations are investigated. The transformation properties and quantum numbers of the three-parton equations under the relevant group actions are elaborated in detail. Section 3 deals with the action of the isospin group SU(2), a U (1) global gauge group for the fermion number, the hypercharge and charge generators. The resulting quantum numbers of the composite partonic systems can be adapted to those of the phenomenological particles to be described. The space-time transformations and in particular rotations generated by angular momentum operators are considered in Section 4. Based on the compatibility of the BBW-equations and the group theoretical constraints, in Sect. 5 integral equations are formulated in a representation with diagonal energy and total angular momentum variables. The paper provides new insight into the solution space and quantum labels of resulting integral equations for three parton states and prepares the ground for representing leptons and quarks as composite systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantum Numbers of Eigenstates of Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann- Wigner Equations for Fermions with Partonic Substructure

Stumpf

2003

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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“…The composite GM is based on the unified classification scheme and also on 1979 composite models of Harari [24] and Shupe [25]. The current composite GM was proposed in 2011 and is described in detail in Chapter 1 [2] of the book Particle Physics published by InTech and in a review paper [17] published in Advances in High Energy Physics.…”

Section: Trends In Modern Cosmology 164mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmological Consequences of a Quantum Theory of Mass and Gravity

Robson¹

2017

Trends in Modern Cosmology

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The understanding of several cosmological problems that has been obtained from the development of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics is presented. The GM is presented as a viable simpler alternative to the Standard Model (SM). The GM considers the elementary particles of the SM to be composite particles and this substructure leads to new paradigms for both mass and gravity, which in turn lead to an understanding of several cosmological problems: the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, dark matter and dark energy. The GM provides a unified origin of mass and the composite nature of the leptons and quarks of the GM leads to a solution of the cosmological matterantimatter asymmetry problem. The GM also provides a new universal quantum theory of gravity in terms of a residual interaction of a strong color-like interaction, analogous to quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This very weak residual interaction has two important properties: antiscreening and finite range, that provide an understanding of dark matter and dark energy, respectively, in the universe.

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“…The CGM description of the first generation is based upon the two-particle models of Harari (1979) and Shupe (1979), which are very similar and provide an economical and impressive description of the first generation of leptons and quarks. Both models treat leptons and quarks as composites of two kinds of spin-1/2 particles, which Harari named "rishons" from the Hebrew word for first or primary.…”

Section: Composite Generation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Generation Model of Particle Physics

Robson¹

2012

Particle Physics

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Will-be-set-by-IN-TECHIn this section a summary of the current formulation of the SM is presented: the elementary particles and the fundamental interactions of the SM, and then the basic problem inherent in the SM. Elementary particles of the SMIn the SM the elementary particles that are the constituents of matter are assumed to be the six leptons: electron neutrino (ν e ), electron (e − ), muon neutrino (ν µ ), muon (µ − ), tau neutrino (ν τ ), tau (τ − ) and the six quarks: up (u), down (d), charmed (c), strange (s), top (t) and bottom (b), together with their antiparticles. These twelve particles are all spin-1 2 particles and fall naturally into three families or generations:Each generation consists of two leptons with charges Q = 0 and Q = −1 and two quarks with charges Q =+ 2 3 and Q = − 1 3 . The masses of the particles increase significantly with each generation with the possible exception of the neutrinos, whose very small masses have yet to be determined.In the SM the leptons and quarks are allotted several additive quantum numbers: charge Q, lepton number L, muon lepton number L µ , tau lepton number L τ , baryon number A, strangeness S, charm C, bottomness B and topness T. These are given in Table 1. For each particle additive quantum number N, the corresponding antiparticle has the additive quantum number −N. Table 1. SM additive quantum numbers for leptons and quarks Table 1 demonstrates that, except for charge, leptons and quarks are allotted different kinds of additive quantum numbers so that this classification of the elementary particles in the SM is non-unified.The additive quantum numbers Q and A are assumed to be conserved in strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. The lepton numbers L, L µ and L τ are not involved in strong interactions but are strictly conserved in both electromagnetic and weak interactions. The remainder, S, C, B and T are strictly conserved only in strong and electromagnetic interactions but can undergo a change of one unit in weak interactions.The quarks have an additional additive quantum number called "color charge", which can take three values so that in effect we have three kinds of each quark, u, d, etc. These are often

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A schematic model of quarks and leptons

Cited by 386 publications

References 6 publications

Quantum Numbers of Eigenstates of Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann- Wigner Equations for Fermions with Partonic Substructure

Quantum Numbers of Eigenstates of Generalized de Broglie-Bargmann- Wigner Equations for Fermions with Partonic Substructure

Cosmological Consequences of a Quantum Theory of Mass and Gravity

The Generation Model of Particle Physics

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