A schema-focused approach to group psychotherapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial

Evaluate the Effectiveness of ECT in Borderline Personality Disorder Resistant to Treatment

“…Considering that ECT and its recovery in patients with borderline personality disorder is not just a statistical findings but also is more a clinical result, therefore this result would be consistent with views of those that consider borderline personality disorder a type of mood disorder [25]. Report published by the American Psychiatric Association suggests that the main purpose of using ECT in patients borderline is relieve symptoms in patients who have axis I disordersMood disorders-that is seen in more than half of the patients borderline hospitalized [26].…”

“…American Psychiatric Association based on the evidence obtained from research recommended ECT in patients with borderline personality disorder with severe and resistant to treatment [24]. Due to the overall reduction of symptoms, according to the criteria in research findings, confirm the fact that most decrease is related to criteria that they have more proximity with mood and depression signs and ECT has great effect on symptoms that are more or less observed in mood disorders [25].…”

“…In all ten subjects criteria of sadness, anxiety and restlessness, feeling of emptiness among behaviors in the checklist after ECT was lower from baseline and this indicate electroconvulsive therapy was effective in improving mood symptoms and reduce anxiety. According to the results it can be said that electroconvulsive therapy, according to results of previous research decreases mood symptoms associated with depression and anxiety in people with borderline personality disorder [25][26][27]. To explain these findings can be noted to the following factors:…”

Schema Therapy for Aggressive Offenders with Personality Disorders

“…While ST for forensic patients can be administered in therapeutic groups (Beckley & Gordon, unpublished;Farrell, Shaw & Webber, 2009; Van Vreeswijk & Broersen, 2006), it is usually delivered individually, or as a combination of individual and group therapy. In keeping with the risk, need, and responsivity principles (Andrews & Bonta, 2003), longer-term therapies are justified if they can ameliorate the risk factors for violence and recidivism in otherwise difficult-to-treat patients, such as those with PDs.…”

Long-Term Outcomes in Borderline Psychopathology: Old Assumptions, Current Findings, and New Directions

“…In the past two decades, a variety of treatment approaches have been developed, studied, and empirically validated. A variety of psychotherapies with empirically demonstrated efficacy have been developed (eg, dialectical behavioral therapy [DBT] [11][12][13], mentalization [14,15], and transferencefocused therapy [16], as well as cognitive behaviorally based group treatments (eg, Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving [STEPPS] [17,18] and schema-focused approaches [19]). These studies are a testa-ment to the interest in clarifying and treating BPD.…”