“…The direct use of the standard mathematical models proposed and tested in more developed markets is not always recommended in emerging markets. For example, extreme events Embrechts et al (1997) in emerging markets have already been verified to completely distort the results obtained when using standard mathematical models (that is, those used by practitioners in more developed markets) in several situations, such as hedging using futures contracts (Duarte and Mendes, 1998), systematic risk estimation (Duarte and Mendes, 1997), Value-at-risk computation , volatility estimation (Mendes and Duarte, 1999), currency overlay (Duarte and Rajagopal, 1999), estimating term structures of interest rates (Almeida et al, 1998), and optimal portfolio structuring (Reyna et al, 1999b).…”