A scanning electron microscopic study of normal human oxyntic mucosa using blunt dissection and freeze fracture

Mackercher, Peter A.; Ivey, Kevin J.; Baskin, William N.; Krause, William J.

doi:10.1007/bf01072929

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…7A). Past work mentioned in the Introduction indicated that the migration of human pit cells from the pit bottom up to the free surface took about three days [14, 15], where 2.4% of them died [17], while the others desquamated at the rate of 5.5 × 10 5 cells per minute [18]. Maintenance of the steady state of the epithelium required that such rapid rate of cell death be balanced by an equally rapid rate of cell production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, little is known about the origin of mature cells in humans. However, radioautography of cultured gastric biopsies exposed to 3 H‐thymidine [12, 13] indicated that, about 3 days after 3 H‐thymidine addition to the culture [14, 15], pit cells migrated from the pit bottom up the pit walls to the luminal surface [16], where 2.4% of them died [17], while the others were shed to the gastric lumen at the rate of 5.5 × 10 5 cells per minute [18]. Of the other mature cells, neck cells have been found to divide, so some investigators propose that they are self‐renewing and even function as the stem cell of the gastric epithelium [3, 19, 20], while others believe that neck cells come from immature cells [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defining Epithelial Cell Progenitors in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa

et al. 2003

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In the human stomach, the oxyntic epithelium includes numerous tubular invaginations consisting of short pits opening into long glands. The pit is lined by pit cells, whereas the gland is composed of three regions: the base, containing zymogenic cells; the neck, containing neck cells; and the isthmus, composed of little known immature cells and of parietal cells, which are also scattered through the neck and base. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructure of the immature cells and to determine their relation to mature cells. To do so, normal oxyntic mucosal biopsies from subjects ranging from 20-43 years old were fixed in aldehydes and postfixed in reduced osmium for electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. The immature cells were sorted out into four classes, whose roles were clarified by comparison with the thoroughly investigated mouse oxyntic epithelium. The first class was composed of the least differentiated immature cells, which were rare and characterized by minute, dense, or cored secretory granules and were accordingly named mini-granule cells. Their function was not clarified. The second class consisted of pre-pit cells, which were characterized by few dense mucous granules and give rise to pit cells that ascend the pit wall and, after reaching the luminal surface, die or are extruded. Both pre-pit and pit cells underwent continuous renewal and, therefore, together constituted a renewal system referred to as pit cell lineage. The third class, or pre-neck cells, characterized by cored secretory granules, give rise to neck cells that descend toward the base region and differentiate further into pre-zymogenic cells, which finally become zymogenic cells. The latter eventually degenerate and die. Thus pre-neck cells and their progeny constitute a renewing system, designated zymogenic cell lineage. The fourth class, or pre-parietal cells, characterized by long microvilli and few tubulovesicles, differentiate into parietal cells that descend along the neck and base regions and eventually degenerate and die. Pre-parietal and parietal cells represent a renewing system referred to as parietal cell lineage. While the origin of the last three classes of progenitor cells has not been elucidated, it is likely that they arise either from an unidentified multipotential stem cell, possibly the minigranule cell itself, or from the mitotic activity of pre-pit and pre-neck cells. In conclusion, the human oxyntic epithelium is composed of continually renewing cells organized in distinct cell lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Epithelial Cell Progenitors in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa

et al. 2003

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“…Scanning electron microscope images (c) of gastric pits in human stomach lining [Mackercher et al 1978] are closely mimicked by an extruded and smoothed mesh of a constrained Voronoi diagram (d) generated using my technique. …”

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Modeling cell layers on complex surfaces using constrained Voronoi diagrams

Wood

2013

ACM SIGGRAPH 2013 Posters

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Figure 1: Points on a sine wave illustrate which Voronoi regions share faces before (a) and after (b) the addition of augment points. Scanning electron microscope images (c) of gastric pits in human stomach lining [Mackercher et al. 1978] are closely mimicked by an extruded and smoothed mesh of a constrained Voronoi diagram (d) generated using my technique. AbstractVoronoi diagrams, found in the morphology of many biological structures, produce natural-looking networks of cells in two dimensions. But creating three dimensional models of cell layers in biological tissue is difficult when the tissue has a complex shape. I present a new method that constrains a Voronoi diagram to an arbitrary surface. Unlike other approaches, my method does not require computationally expensive boundary intersection calculations. ContributionA two-dimensional illustration of a layer of cells can be produced directly from the Voronoi diagram of a set of points or sites distributed randomly inside a bounding shape. But despite the ubiquity of Voronoi diagrams in computer graphics applications, only a few efforts have been made to extend Voronoi-based models of cell layers to three dimensions. A significant problem is that regions located on the boundary of a Voronoi diagram can have edges that extend very far from it. In two dimensions, most Voronoi regions are on the interior and are unaffected by the boundary conditions. In three dimensions, however, the regions on the boundary form the visible surface of the shape. One approach to this problem [Yan et al. 2010] is to generate a Voronoi diagram of sites placed throughout the entire volume enclosed by the surface and derive a network of cells from the intersections of the Voronoi diagram with the surface. My approach restricts site placement to the surface and uses additional sites to produce a Voronoi diagram that can be constrained using less computationally expensive methods. Technical ApproachFirst, points are placed on every triangular face of the surface using the triangle point picking method, with the number of points generated for each triangle directly proportional to its area. Generating each point in this way allows us to calculate a normal for each point using the barycentric average of the normals of the triangle's vertices.Next, additional Voronoi sites, called augment sites, are placed on either side of the surface (Figure 1b), effectively insulating the orig- * inal Voronoi sites from all but their immediate neighbors. It is here that the barycentric normal of each Voronoi site is used to calculate the displacement of its pair of augment sites. The magnitude of the displacement must be chosen to ensure that for each original Voronoi site, its augment sites will be closer than any other sites. This method exploits the properties of Voronoi diagrams and eliminates the need to search the boundary faces for intersections.The Voronoi diagram of the augmented set of sites is calculated using the QHULL algorithm. Only faces shared by sites in the original point set before ...

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Normal Stomach

2003

Morson and Dawson's Gastrointestinal Pathology

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Part 4: Small intestine 18 Normal small intestine, 237 19 Normal embryology and fetal development; developmental abnormalities of the small intestine, 252 20 Muscular and mechanical disorders of the small intestine, 264 21 Inflammatory disorders of the small intestine, 272 v 22 Malnutrition, maldigestion and malabsorption, 324 23 Vascular disorders of the small intestine, 345 24 Epithelial tumours of the small intestine, 359 25 Non-epithelial tumours of the small intestine, 376 26 Tumour-like lesions of the small intestine, 394 27 Miscellaneous conditions of the small intestine, 401 Part 5: Appendix 28 Normal appendix, 407 29 Normal embryology and fetal development; developmental abnormalities of the appendix, 410 30 Inflammatory disorders of the appendix, 412 31 Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the appendix, 420 32 Miscellaneous conditions of the appendix, 430 Part 6: Large intestine 33 Normal large intestine, 435 34 Normal embryology and fetal development; developmental abnormalities of the large intestine and anal region, 445 35 Neuromuscular and mechanical disorders of the large intestine, 452 36 Inflammatory disorders of the large intestine, 472 37 Vascular disorders of the large intestine, 540 38 Epithelial tumours of the large intestine, 551 39 Non-epithelial tumours of the large intestine, 610 40 Tumour-like lesions of the large intestine, 624 41 Miscellaneous conditions of the large intestine, 634

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A scanning electron microscopic study of normal human oxyntic mucosa using blunt dissection and freeze fracture

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Defining Epithelial Cell Progenitors in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa

Defining Epithelial Cell Progenitors in the Human Oxyntic Mucosa

Modeling cell layers on complex surfaces using constrained Voronoi diagrams

Normal Stomach

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