A Scalable High-Gain and Large-Beamwidth mm-wave Harvesting Approach for 5G-powered IoT

Eid, Aline; Hester, Jimmy; Tentzeris, Manos M.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2019.8700758

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For benchmarking purpose, a standard microstrip patch antenna has been simulated to validate the assumptions on the influence of the radiator's area on the antenna's efficiency, and to demonstrate the improvement of the proposed design over a standard design on the same substrate. Patch antennas have been widely reported in wearable mmWave antennas [23] and in low-cost additively manufactured rectennas [12], [14], [15]. The patch's dimensions are 9×7.125 mm with a 3.25 mm inset microstrip feed.…”

Section: B Comparison With a Standard Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to overcome the cost-barrier of mmWave rectennas fabricated on low-loss RF substrates, additive manufacturing has been used to realize mmWave rectennas for pervasive IoT [12], [14], [15]. While the reported additively manufactured rectennas achieve a 1-V output from as low as 10 dBm of mmWave power, they were all studied under single-tone excitation and are expected to have their bandwidth bottlenecked due to the use of patch antennas and narrow-band beamforming or array-feed networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Broadband Millimeter-Wave Textile-Based Flexible Rectenna for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Wagih

Hilton

Weddell

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) bands, a key part of future 5G networks, represent a potential channel for RF energy harvesting, where the high-gain antenna arrays offer improved end-to-end efficiency compared to sub-6 GHz networks. This paper presents a broadband mmWave rectenna, the first rectenna realized on a flexible textile substrate for wearable applications. The proposed novel antenna's bandwidth extends from 23 to 40 GHz, with a minimum radiation efficiency of 67% up to 30 GHz, over 3 dB improvement compared to a standard patch. A stable gain of more than 8 dB is achieved based on a textile reflector plane. The antenna is directly connected to a textilebased microstrip voltage doubler rectifier utilizing commercial Schottky diodes. The rectifier is matched to the antenna using a tapered line feed for high-impedance matching, achieving broadband high voltage-sensitivity. The rectifier has a peak RF-DC efficiency of 12% and a 9.5 dBm 1 V sensitivity from 23 to 24.25 GHz. The integrated rectenna is demonstrated with more than 1.3-V DC output from 12 dBm of mmWave wireless power across a 28% fractional bandwidth from 20 to 26.5 GHz, a 15% half-power fractional bandwidth, and a peak output of 6.5V from 20 dBm at 24 GHz.

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Section: B Comparison With a Standard Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Textile-Based Flexible Rectenna for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Wagih

Hilton

Weddell

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Therefore, thanks to the use of mmwaves, antennas with such features can be readily designed and fabricated. A Rotman lens-based rectenna has been first proposed in 8 , where a preliminary prototype and approach were presented, resulting in a quasi-flexible system, 80° angular coverage and 21-fold increase in the harvested power compared to a non-Rotman-based system. Here, the previously-predicted potential of 5G-powered nodes for the IoT and long-range passive mmwave Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) devices, is further taken advantage of, and effectively demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, the previously-predicted potential of 5G-powered nodes for the IoT and long-range passive mmwave Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) devices, is further taken advantage of, and effectively demonstrated. In order to do so, a thorough analysis of the lens itself-a structure that was not revealed in 8 -is first presented, exposing its key design parameters and resulting measured broadband behavior tested in both planar and bent conditions over more than 20 GHz of bandwidth. In addition, a scalability study of the approach, outlining the optimal size of such a system is reported, thereby proving the extent of the capability of providing a combination of good array factor and wide beam coverage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The novelty of this system also lies in the realization of a fully-flexible 28 GHz Rotman-lens-based rectenna system, completed by the design of a new DC combiner on a flexible 125 μm-thin polyimide Kapton substrate. The new DC combiner uses a reduced number of bypass diodes and increases the angular coverage of the system by more than 30% compared to 8 . Furthermore, the frequencybroadband behavior enabled by the use of the Rotman lens makes the full rectenna system bending-resilient, a property now demonstrated through its characterizations in flexing and conformally-mounted configurations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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5G as a wireless power grid

Eid

Hester

Tentzeris

2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Abstract5G has been designed for blazing fast and low-latency communications. To do so, mm-wave frequencies were adopted and allowed unprecedently high radiated power densities by the FCC. Unknowingly, the architects of 5G have, thereby, created a wireless power grid capable of powering devices at ranges far exceeding the capabilities of any existing technologies. However, this potential could only be realized if a fundamental trade-off in wireless energy harvesting could be circumvented. Here, we propose a solution that breaks the usual paradigm, imprisoned in the trade-off between rectenna angular coverage and turn-on sensitivity. The concept relies on the implementation of a Rotman lens between the antennas and the rectifiers. The printed, flexible mm-wave lens allows robust and bending-resilient operation over more than 20 GHz of gain and angular bandwidths. Antenna sub-arrays, rectifiers and DC combiners are then added to the structure to demonstrate its combination of large angular coverage and turn-on sensitivity—in both planar and bent conditions—and a harvesting ability up to a distance of 2.83 m in its current configuration and exceeding 180 m using state-of-the-art rectifiers enabling the harvesting of several μW of DC power (around 6 μW at 180 m with 75 dBm EIRP).

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A novel 24 GHz circularly polarised metasurface rectenna

Huang

Yang

et al. 2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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A novel 24 GHz circularly polarised metasurface rectenna for wireless power transmission is designed in this study. Based on experimental measurements and retro-simulation, an effective approach is proposed to extract the parasitic parameters of a Schottky diode. A highly efficient millimetre wave rectifier with a measured efficiency of 63% is constructed based on the exact equivalent circuit parameters of a diode. A circularly polarised metasurface antenna is adopted as the receiving antenna, and the gain is enhanced by introducing metal vias around the metasurface. The antenna and the rectifier are connected directly via a microstrip line. Measurements show that the metasurface antenna has a gain of 11.3 dBic and an axial ratio of 2.5 dB at 24 GHz. The measured conversion efficiency of the rectenna reaches 63% at 300 Ω load when the input power is 15.2 dBm. The rectenna has the advantages of low profile, which can be conformal to the electrical equipment.

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A Scalable High-Gain and Large-Beamwidth mm-wave Harvesting Approach for 5G-powered IoT

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Textile-Based Flexible Rectenna for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Broadband Millimeter-Wave Textile-Based Flexible Rectenna for Wearable Energy Harvesting

5G as a wireless power grid

A novel 24 GHz circularly polarised metasurface rectenna

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