A scalable factory backbone for multiple independent time-sensitive networks

Lautenschlaeger, Wolfram; Frick, Florian; Christodoulopoulos, K.; Henke, Torben

doi:10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102277

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

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Difficulties and challenges in the modernization of a production cell with the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies

Contieri,

Hassui,

Santa-Eulalia

et al. 2023

BIJ

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PurposeThe heterogeneous character of Industry 4.0 opens opportunities for studies to understand the difficulties and challenges found in the transformation process of manufacturers. This article aims to present a critical analysis of the modernization process of an Industry 3.0 automated cell into a fully autonomous cell of Industry 4.0. The objective is to elucidate the difficulties found in this transition process and the possible ways to overcome the challenges, focusing on the management perspective.Design/methodology/approachFor this, the needed steps for the technology transition were defined and the main I4.0 enabling technologies were applied, such as the application of machine learning algorithms to control quality parameters in milling.FindingsThe main challenges found were related to the obsolescence of the equipment present in the cell, challenges in data integration and communication protocols, in addition to the training of people who work actively in the project team. The difficulties faced were discussed based on similar studies in the literature and possible solutions for each challenge.Originality/valueThis understanding of possible barriers in the modernization process, and the step-by-step defined for this transition, can be important references for professionals working in manufacturing industries and researchers who aim to deepen their studies in this important and disruptive stage of world industrialization.

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Difficulties and challenges in the modernization of a production cell with the introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies

Contieri,

Hassui,

Santa-Eulalia

et al. 2023

BIJ

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Deterministic passive optical networking

Christodoulopoulos,

Bidkar,

Lautenschlaeger

et al. 2024

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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A time-division-multiplexed (TDM) passive optical network (PON) that behaves like multiple point-to-point (P2P) links can support applications with stringent timing requirements while also maintaining the cost benefits of the point-to-multipoint (P2MP) topology. This requires the TDM-PON to provide deterministic performance: lossless transmission and low and constant (with low variations/jitter) latency to selected flows, while also serving other, e.g., best-effort, traffic flows. We demonstrate two approaches for providing deterministic performance over a TDM-PON. In the first approach, we operate the PON asynchronously to its clients and use scheduling that provides upstream bursts at a low and constant period. Jitter compensator gateways (JC GWs) are used to compensate for the jitter introduced by the non-matching PON bursts and the input traffic cycles. In the latter approach, we implement a deterministic dynamic bandwidth allocation (detDBA) process that controls the placement of bursts at each PON frame for selected transmission containers (T-CONTs) that correspond to flows with given traffic profiles. We synchronize and co-schedule the PON with the rest of the network and applications to provide deterministic performance to those flows. As a use case, we study the communication of industrial applications over the deterministic PON system and demonstrate latency below 100 µs and sub-µs packet latency jitter for the industrial flows, while at the same time serving best-effort traffic flows.

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